Supramolecular solvent-based microextraction for the preconcentration of $Pb^{2+} and Cd2^{+}$ prior to spectrophotometric detection

Abstract

Supramolecular solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction technique has been developed as a preconcentration tool for the determination of trace level of $Pb^{2+} and Cd2^{+}$ . Dodecanol dispersed in tetrahydrofuran has been utilized as a supramolecularsolvent system for the extraction of analytes prior to their quantitative determination with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Both $Pb^{2+} and Cd2^{+}$ , which were efficiently extracted by supramolecular solvent system, were complexed with dithizone followed by the addition of supramolecular solvent. The experimental variables that could possibly influence the extraction efficiency, i.e. pH value, temperature, sample volume, centrifugation time, rate of centrifugation, ionic strength, etc. were subjected to the optimization step. An interference study was also conducted to check the selectivity of developed method. Limit of detection calculated for $Pb^{2+} and Cd2^{+}$was 0.015 and 0.061 mg L–1, respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.05 and 0.2 mg $L{–1} for Pb^{2+} and Cd2^{+}$ , respectively. The analytical signal was enhanced to 30 times in case of Pb2+ and 27 times in case of $Cd^{2+}$. The results obtained revealed that the developed method is rapid, simple, sensitive, and efficient for the determination of both analytes in real water samples.