Acquisition of boron tolerance by salt pretreatment in two sunflower cultivars

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the ameliorative effects of salt pretreatment against B toxicity in two sunflowercultivars (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Sanbro’ and ‘Tarsan-1018’) differing in salt tolerance. Seedlings were grown in perlite with modifiedhalf-strength Hoagland’s solution for 15 days and then they were divided into two groups: salt-pretreated (75 mM NaCl for 5 days)and B-treated (control, 2, 4, and 8 mM B for 10 days). In both cultivars, the biomass of root and shoot decreased depending on Baccumulation, especially at 8 mM. The translocation factor values indicated that B uptaken by roots of the genotypes were translocatedto the leaves. High B accumulation adversely affected the water balance and membrane integrity of the leaves. Additionally, toxic Blevels caused changes in the some JIP tests and slow fluorescence parameters (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, RE0/RC, DI0/RC, Area, φE0,φR0 and jD0, ФPSII, ETR) of both cultivars and these changes led to a significant decrease in photosynthetic performance (PIABS andPITOTAL). Salt pretreatment ameliorated the damaging effects of toxic B on membrane integrity, water content, and the photosyntheticprocess; decreased B accumulation; and improved the membrane stability. Both cultivars acquired tolerance against B toxicity with saltpretreatment and survived in increasing boron toxicity. We conclude that sunflower can be used for phytoremediation purposes forboron-contaminated soils. Additionally, this study is the first report to reveal that moderate salt stress pretreatment alleviates B toxicityand provides tolerance to B. This alleviation might be achieved by NaCl to decrease the boron uptake from the roots.