Knockdown of SET Domain, Bifurcated 1 suppresses head and neck cancer cell viability and wound-healing ability in vitro

Abstract

t: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and therefore presents a global public health problem. There are no standard algorithms for the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease, and no effective current treatment approachesexist. Therefore, the discovery of new biomolecules and the design of new strategies to aid in early diagnosis is necessary, along withestablishing prognostic factors of HNC. In several cancer studies, the upregulation of SET Domain, Bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) has beenreported to be tumor-inducing and to indicate a cancer-invasive prognosis, leading to the modulation of genes associated with differentsignaling pathways; however, the literature is sparse regarding the relationship between SETDB1 and HNC. In our study, three HNCprimary cell lines and their corresponding metastatic cell lines were used. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting data indicated that the SETDB1 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in all metastatic cell linescompared to their primary cell lines (P < 0.05 for all). To investigate the role of SETDB1 in HNC biology, in vitro functional analyseswere carried out using small interference RNA (siRNA) technology, cell viability, scratch wound-healing, and the caspase-3 activity assay of gene expression of SETDB1 to compare primary and metastatic cell lines of HNC. Metastatic cells were more susceptible to thissuppression, which decreased the vitality of cells and their ability of wound-healing and induced level of caspase-3 activity (P < 0.05 forall). This functional study has shown that SETDB1 plays an important role in head and neck carcinogenesis. Therefore, SETDB1 may bean attractive therapeutic target molecule and also a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HNC.