THE PERSPECTIVE OF TURKISH CRIMINAL LAW AND OTTOMAN CRIMINAL CODE OF 1858

Abstract

Ottoman Criminal Code of 1858 is the first penal code which was prepare with the western sense of law and it was being effective date of period that in Tanzimat Reforms. The Code based on main elements of criminal law including rule of law principle, lawfulness in crime and the punishment principle, principle of individual criminal responsibility. For the first time the general theory of crime was regulated with law. Furthermore, the Criminal Code was enforce in Country between in the period that collapse of Ottomans and the period establishment Republic of Turkey. And the Code was enforced to the adoption until Criminal Code of 1926 which regulate for 68 years. The most and main feature of Criminal Code has been a source and law guide for the institutions and concepts of the today’s Turkish criminal system.

Özet

Tanzimat devrinde yürürlüğe giren 1858 tarihli Osmanlı Ceza Kanunu batılı anlamda yapılan ilk Ceza Kanunudur. Kanun, ceza hukukunun temel ilkelerinden hukuk devleti, suçta ve cezada kanunilik ve cezaların şahsiliği ilkesi esas alınarak düzenlenmiştir. Kanunla suç genel teorisi ilk defa düzenlenmiştir. Ayrıca Kanun; Osmanlı döneminde ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devletinin kuruluş döneminde 1926 yılında mülga 765 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu kabul edilene kadar 68 yıl uygulanmıştır. Kanunun en önemli özelliği, bugünkü Türk Ceza Hukuku sisteminin kurum ve kavramlarına kaynaklık ve öncülük etmiş olmasıdır.