Ovarian cancer: Pathogenesis and current recommendations for prophylactic surgery

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers, and one of the leading causes of cancer-associated female mortality in theworld. Currently, no widely accepted pathogenesis is available, which may explain the entire disease. Early detection and primary prevention ofovarian cancer are difficult, mostly due to its heterogeneous nature. Risk factor modification based on epidemiologic data has not significantlyreduced the incidence of ovarian cancer. Currently, prophylactic surgical methods have been proposed as the most effective preventive measuresfor both the high-risk or low-risk populations. Understanding the existing pathogenesis theories and the surgical options available may alterphysician’s perspectives and facilitate better decision making. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2019; 20: 47-54)