Poly(glutamic acid) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for the Voltammetric Determination of Bisphenol A

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), which is an endocrine-disrupting substance, is often utilized as beverage andfood packing material, and it may accumulate in nutrition and water sources, which is why it is important tomonitor. In this study, for the determination of bisphenol A, electro-polymerization of glutamic acid (GA) wasperformed on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The performance of the sensor (PGA/PGE) for determiningbisphenol A was examined utilizing the cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV)methods. Electrochemical characterization process of the PGA/PGE was carried out by the electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) and CV methods. The morphological property of the PGA/PGE wasinvestigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of functional groups in the PGA/PGEcomposition was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemicalbehavior of BPA was observed with the bare PGE and the PGA/PGE. Based on the findings, the response ofBPA was considerably raised with PGA/PGE. With the optimized parameters and based on the findings fromDPV, the BPA oxidation current was linear in a concentration interval of 1.0 to 100 μM (R=0.9992), and thedetection limit was found to be 0.37 μM. Detection of BPA in the plastic bottled drinking water sample usingPGA/PGE was performed successfully, and the recoveries were in the range of 89.3 to 104.7%. This strategycan provide several prospects in electrochemically determining BPA in practical applications.