Journals / İTÜ Dergisi Seri E: Su Kirlenmesi Kontrolü / 2007 / Cilt: 17 - Sayı: 1
Biodegradation of chlorophenol containing wastewater using a rotating biological contactor
- Pages
- 15–25
- DOI
- —
Abstract
Chlorophenols are introduced into the environment through various human activities such as waste incineration, uncontrolled use of wood preservatives, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, as well as via bleaching of pulp with chlorine and the chlorination of drinking water. Despite the recalcitrance of chlorophenols, efforts are still being made to treat them biologically for economic reasons and in expectation of few by-products. Although biofilm reactors are more resistant to high chlorophenols loads, limited information is currently available on biofilm based chlorophenols degradation. In this view, this study aims at evaluating the performance of a two stage rotating biological contactor (RBC) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing peptone, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4- Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) at 5 rpm. The RBC had two equal stages with 9 disks in each stage. The diameter of each disk was 18 cm and the total surface area for biomass attachment was 0.44 $m^2$ per stage. Around 40% of disks were submerged in water. Total liquid volume in the reactor was 7.0 L. The study consists of four successive steps. In the first part of the study, feed chlorophenols concentrations were gradually increased, while, peptone concentration was kept constant at 400 mg/L. In the second step, peptone concentration was gradually decreased keeping the 4-CP and 2,4-DCP concentrations constant at 220 and 110 mg/L, respectively. In the third step, reactor was fed with 400 mg/L peptone in the absence of chlorophenols for around 3.5 months to deacclimated biomass and then the biomass was reacclimated to chlorophenols mixture. Lastly, the effect of shock chlorophenols loadings, in the absence of peptone was extensively evaluated. The HRT of the reactor was kept at 0.7 d throughout the study. During the experiments, the reactor was sampled regularly and analyzes were done immediately for COD, chlorophenols and 5-chloro-2- hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (CHMS). During the acclimation, CHMS, which is –meta cleavage product of 4-CP, appeared at the effluent when reactor was fed with 20 mg/L 4-CP and 10 mg/L 2,4-DCP. Although both 4-CP and 2,4-DCP removals were complete, the CHMS appeared at the effluent for around 1 month. Also, low dissolved oxygen concentration (
Özet
Bu çalışmada pepton, 4-klorofenol (4-KF) ve 2,4-Diklorofenol (2,4-DKF) içeren sentetik olarak hazırlanmış, bir numunenin arıtımı, 5 rpm’de çalıştırılan iki kademeli Dönen Biyolojik Disk (DBD) reaktör kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, biyolojik olarak kolay ayrışabilen bir maddenin (pepton) reaktör performansı üzerine etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Yüksek verimde klorofenol ve KOİ giderimi ancak reaktörün ilave havalandırıcılarla havalandırılması durumunda mümkün olmuştur. Aklimasyon sırasında giriş 4-KF konsantrasyonu 200 mg/L’ye, 2,4-DKF konsantrasyonu ise 100 mg/L’ye yükseltilmiştir. Reaktörün birinci kademesinde yüksek klorofenol (>%98) ve KOİ (>%94) giderimleri gözlenmiş ve ikinci kademe giderim verimini kısmen artırmıştır. 260 günlük bir işletmeyi takiben, reaktör 3.5 ay boyunca sadece pepton ile beslenerek, biyokütle deaklime edilmiştir. Deaklimasyonu takiben,16 gün içerisinde giriş 4-KF konsantrasyonu 200 mg/L’ye, 2,4-DKF konsantrasyonu ise 100 mg/L’ye yükseltilmiştir. Mikroorganizmanın 16 gün içersinde tekrar yüksek konsatrasyonlarda beslenen klorofenollere aklime olduğu ve reaktör girişinden peptonun ani olarak çekilmesinin performansı üzerine olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı gözlenmiştir. 2,4-DKF, 4-KF arıtımını yarışçıl (competitive) olarak inhibe ettiği için, şok 4-KF (822.7±1.4 mg/L) ve 2,4-DKF (424.6±1.9 mg/L) yüklemesi reaktörün hem birinci hem de ikinci kademesinde 4-KF konsantrasyonunun 2,4-DKF konsantrasyonuna kıyasla 4 kat artmasına neden olmuştur. Şok yükleme sırasında reaktörler tek karbon ve enerji kaynağı olarak klorofenoller ile beslenmiş ve reaktörün birinci kademesinde maksimum 4-KF giderim hızı 2305 mg/L·gün (18.3 g/$m^2$·gün), 2,4-DKF giderim hızı ise 1202 mg/L·gün (9.5 g/$m^2$·gün) olarak gözlenmiştir.