THE HADITH TAKEN IN THE TEXTBOOKS OF THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD THE EXCESSIVE INTERPRATATION AND DEVIATIONS SEEN IN THE TRANSLATION OF TURKISH

CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ DERS KİTAPLARINA ALINAN HADİSLERİN TÜRKÇE ÇEVİRİLERİNDE GÖRÜLEN AŞIRI YORUM VE SAPMALAR

Abstract

Our work reflects on the narrative interpretations of the religion textbooks of the “Secular, positivist, nationalist (nation-state)” mentality of the republican period , designed in the form of a modernity Project, trying to turn back the religious tradition and establish a rational state organization. First, the idea paradigma on which education is based is determined and the effect of the political discoveres on the course contents is discussed. Later in relation to the narratives in the book of 75 religion books which were taught between 1920 and 2012 , the relationship between the word/sentence misconversion, intentional abbreviation, interpretation , materials exposed to excessive commentary savings, probable political and political aims was examined in this context reference was made to the lessons of history and citizenship in which the religious content took place. Taking into account the page boundary of the work only a fraction of the 129, problems identified could be pointed out. There for before the textbooks were prepared the narratives were chosen which corresponded to “western-mined, secular, positivist, nationalist” and religious interpratation later the selected nations were interpreted and translated in to Turkish. As it can be seen in the examples given, many interpretations on political goals have been used. According to the way of interpreting secularism the accounts expressing behavioral (working/ islamic legal) reguests beyond the moral attributes of the persons self, which are not related to him alone are seen to have come to a great extent it was concluded that the activities carried out were not related to the concepts of Hadith terminology such as “ihtisar” /”tacitly hadith” or “manen narration” and they were interpreted according to their conjonied political aims with completely ideological concerns.

Özet

Çalışmamızda, modernite projesi biçiminde tasarlanarak dinsel nitelikteki geleneğe sırt çevirmeye, ussal bir devlet örgütlenmesi kurmaya çalışan Cumhuriyet Dönemi “Laik, Pozitivist, Milliyetçi (Ulus Devlet)” zihniyetin din dersi kitaplarındaki rivayet yorumlamalarına yansıması ele alınmıştır. Evvela eğitimin dayandığı fikrî paradigma tespit edilerek, politik söylemlerin ders içeriklerine etkisi ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra 1920- 2012 yılları aralığında okutulan 75 adet din dersi kitabındaki rivayetlerden kelime/cümlenin yanlış çevirisi, bilinçli kısaltma, yorumlama, aşırı yorum şeklindeki tasarruflara maruz kalan materyalin muhtemel siyâsi, politik gayelerle ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Bu minval üzere dini muhtevânın yer aldığı Tarih ve Yurttaşlık Bilgisi derslerine de atıflar yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sayfa sınırı göz önüne alınarak, çevirilerinde problem tespit edilen 129 rivayetin sadece bir kısmına işaret edilebilmiştir. Binaen aleyh, ders kitapları oluşturulurken, önce “Batıcı, Laik, Pozitivist, Ulusalcı” anlayışın dinî yorumlama biçimine uygun rivayetler seçilmiştir. Sonra seçilen rivayetler yorumlanarak Türkçe’ye tercüme edilmiştir. Verilen örneklerde de görüleceği üzere siyâsi gâyeler çerçevesinde pek çok yorumlama şekli kullanılmıştır. Kişinin salt kendisiyle ilintili olmayan, kendi iç dünyasına dönük ahlâkî özelliklerin ötesinde davranışsal (amelî-fıkhî) talepleri ifade eden rivayetlerin ise laikliği yorumlama biçimine göre pek çok tasarrufa uğradığı da görülmüştür. Yapılan bu faaliyetlerin, ihtisâr /taktîu’l-hadîs veya mânen rivayet gibi hadis terminolojisi kavramlarıyla ilgisi olmadığı, tamamen ideolojik kaygılarla konjektörel politik hedeflere göre yoruma tabi tutulduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.