A CRITICAL APPROACH TO THE IMPACT OF PERSIAN IMPERIAL CUSTOMS ON THE ABBÂSÎD POLITICAL ORDER AND THE ROLE OF IBN AL-MUQAFFA

PERS İMPARATORLUK GELENEĞİNİN ABBÂSÎ SİYASAL DÜZENİNE ETKİSİ VE İBNÜ’L- MUKAFFA‘IN ROLÜ ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL BİR YAKLAŞIM

Abstract

Throughout the history of humanity, many civilizations were born, developed, declined, and sometimes mutually influenced each other. When the Islamic civilization faced the Byzantine and Persian cultural factors during the Umayyads and Abbâsîds, a process of intellectual and philosophical interaction began. This interaction was not intellectual territory but spreaded to the state bureaucracy and system. There is a widespread belief that Abbâsîd’s state system is more influenced by the Persian culture and ideology, also the Persian ideology is transferred to the state by Ibn al-Muqaffa. But the influence of the Persian culture and ideology on the Islamic civilization is not unique to the Abbâsîd period alone and when considered in the point of caliphate practice there is not a big difference between the Umayyads and Abbâsîds experiences. It should not be forgotten that Ibn al-Muqaffa wanted to transfer Persian thought into Abbâsîd’s state system after adapting the Persian thought to Islam. This study will reveal how the Persian culture and ideology affected the Islamic civilization during the Umayyad and Abbâsîds period and the real quality of İbn al-Muqaffa’s role in that.

Özet

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca birçok medeniyet doğdu, gelişti, düşüşe geçti ve bazen de karşılıklı olarak birbirlerini etkiledi. İslâm Medeniyeti de Emevîler ve Abbâsîler döneminde Bizans ve Pers kültür havzasıyla karşı karşıya geldiğinde özellikle felsefi ve teolojik açıdan bir karşılıklı etkileşim süreci başladı. Bu etkileşim, entelektüel sahada kalmayıp devlet bürokrasisi ve düzenine de sirayet etti. Abbâsîlerin Pers kültüründen daha çok etkilendikleri ve Pers ideolojisinin İbnü’l- Muḳaffa‘ (ö. 142/759) tarafından devlete aktarıldığına dair yaygın bir kanı vardır. Fakat Pers kültür ve ideolojisinin İslâm medeniyetini etkilemesi sadece Abbâsîler dönemine has bir olgu değildir ve hilafet pratiği ölçeğinde düşünüldüğünde Emevî ve Abbâsî tecrübesi arasında büyük bir fark yoktur. İbnü’l-Muḳaffa‘ın Pers düşüncesini İslâm'a uygun hale getirdikten sonra Abbâsî devlet düzenine aktarmak istediği de unutulmamalıdır.Bu çalışma Emevî ve Abbâsîler dönemi boyunca Pers kültürü ve ideolojisinin İslâm medeniyetini nasıl etkilediğini ve İbnü’l-Muḳaffa‘ın buradaki rolünün gerçek niteliğini ortaya koyacak.