Shortening of bones using novel contraction osteogenesis device: An experimental study

Abstract

Aim: Given the high complication rates associated with orthognathic surgery for the correction of maxillomandibular malformations, studies have focused on alternative methods of strengthening the jaw, such as distraction osteogenesis. However, methods of shortening of the jaw are not well-elucidated in oral and maxillofacial surgery practice. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of a new method of shortening osteotomized jaws. Methodology: A 2.5–3 cm skin incision was made on the left tibia of each of 15 New Zealand white rabbits aged 12–18 months, followed by fixation of 15 mm pre-opened distractor devices to the tibia after osteotomy. After a five-day latency period, the distractors were activated to a total of 8 mm, with closure of the device set at a rate of 0.25 mm/day in the test group. After a five-day latency period, the distractors closed at a rate of 0.125 mm/day, achieving a total contraction of 5 mm. The distractors were not activated in the control group. The bone at the contraction range was evaluated, and the resultant shortening was measured. Results: The tibia was shortened by an average of 4.32 mm. Exaggerated bone formation was identified around the osteotomized cortical bone in all rabbits in the control and study groups, and there were minimal complication rates. Conclusion: This study verified that the jaw can be shortened by performing slow, controlled contraction with a bone resorption pattern.