Gene Expression Analysis of Tissue Remodeling in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Preliminary Investigation

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to understand the pathophysiology of bone and tissue remodeling by demonstrating thegene expression profiles in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Material and Methods: The study included patients who were operated with the diagnosis of CRS. The study groupconsisted of eight patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with the diagnosis of CRS and had a history ofchronic sinusitis as well as osteitic bone changes. The control group consisted of ethmoid bulla specimens of eightpatients who had no history of sinusitis or sinus surgery with the diagnosis of acute sinusitis or antrochoanal polyp. Inboth bone and mucosal samples, RNA isolation was performed to identify and analyze genes that were upregulatedand downregulated by whole-gene expression profiling using microarray technology.Results: When the diseased and healthy bone samples were compared, a total of 1302 genes were detected in 1766,and the disease was intact. Four genes, CD36 (FC[Fold Change]=31.19), tenascin XB (FC=13.6), S100 calcium bindingprotein A12 (FC=9.4), and G0/G1 switch 2 (FC=9.3) up-regulated in both bone and mucosa.Conclusion: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a disease that decreases both quality of life of the patient and the high costof treatment. Gene expression analysis in tissue samples of patients with CRS and treatment-resistant CRS diseaseearly can be used in the diagnosis of the period. With the understanding of the mechanisms involved in disease development, new treatment protocols can be established in the early period to prevent insufficiencies in medical andsurgical treatment.