Current Advances in the Development of Drug and Vaccine for Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment

Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a deadliest public health problem worldwide due to a single infectious agent, Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. It demands more attention to combat its global impact. However, in addition to treatment with drugs,prevention attempts were done for the last many years through vaccination with Bacillus Calmette- Guerinvaccine(BCG). BCG is the only licensed and commonly used vaccine worldwide especially for protection against severe forms ofpediatric TB, but not as a powerful vaccine because of unreliable against adult pulmonary TB which accounts for mostof the disease global burden. Overall efforts to safe, efficient and greater immunogenic novel drugs and better vaccinedevelopment is must to combat, prevent and treatment of both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive MTB strains for allage groups and among people with HIV. Henceforth, currently there are 10 new or repurposed anti-TB drugs and 15new Tb vaccines with a degree of diversity in terms of vaccine delivery platforms, ranging from whole cell vaccines toadjuvanted proteins, recombinant and vectored vaccines are developed and undergoes different phase of clinical trials.Overall, this review gives the basic idea of new drug and vaccine development approaches, and their effective role andclinical trial stuts in TB prevention and treatment