Yüksek öğretim kurumlarının amaçları, kimlikleri ve akademisyenlerin rolleri

Purposes and identities of higher education institutions, and relatedly the role of the faculty

Abstract

Problem Statement: The purposes of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), their identities, the knowledge transmitted, and the roles of the academicians working in those institutions have been investigated recently by several researchers. HEIs are considered as if they have outlived their usefulness in the classic sense, because knowledge has acquired a more utility-oriented meaning today than culture-oriented. Modern beliefs about their purposes caused universities to steer towards functional curriculums, downplaying the classic ones. With its policies, programs, and practices designed to help students prepare for a better job or meet state, regional, and local economic needs, higher education is now perceived as a private benefit rather than as a public good. Purpose of the Study: This paper investigates the outcomes of a study describing the perspectives of academicians working in the faculty of education of a state university about the purposes and identities of HEIs, the knowledge that is created and transmitted in those institutions, and the roles of the faculty members in relation to the above-mentioned issues. Methods: One-to-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen university academicians, all members of the faculty of education of a state university in Istanbul, after they were pre-tested on a sample of three people. The faculty members were interviewed by the author only, and the duration of each interview varied from forty to eighty-five minutes. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, then subjected to close examination. The analysis of the data employed was associated with the constant comparative method, to identify recurring themes within and across data sources. Results: Although a variety of viewpoints were found, the respondents agreed that major purposes of higher education institutions should be to promote “active citizenry” among their students. In addition to preparing students for the workplace, the knowledge that is created and shared should also contribute to the well-being and prosperity of humanity. Of special significance was identification of the widely held view that all higher education institutions should have an identity to be internalized by the academicians – the most important figures in the system – who pass it on to their students to become responsible citizens in that society. Conclusions and Recommendations: Without determining the purposes of HEIs, plans about what to learn are meaningless. In order to remain viable actors in a changing political, social, and economic environment, universities must redefine their roles in their societies. The purpose of higher education is not only the development of people, or of society, or of economy but people, society, and the economy all together; furthermore, higher education, in turn, develops with these three themes in mind. This requires interpersonal competence, multi-cultural understanding, skills in problem identification and problem solving, a sense of purpose, and the confidence that you can act in ways that make a difference.

Özet

Problem Durumu: Yüksek öğretim kurumlarının amaçları, kimlikleri, bu kurumlarda iletilen bilgi ve akademisyenlerin rolleri son zamanlarda birçok araştırmacı tarafından incelenmektedir. Bilgi, kültür merkezli olmaktan çıktığı ve daha çok kullanılabilirlik merkezli bir hale geldiği için, yüksek öğretim kurumları sanki klasik anlamda işe yararlılığını yitirmiş gibi algılanmaktadır. Üniversitelerin amaçları hakkındaki çağdaş inançlar, onların yönlerini klasik müfredatlardan işlevsel olanlara doğru döndürmelerine sebep olmuştur. Üniversiteler, politikaları, programları ve uygulamalarıyla, öğrencileri daha iyi bir iş edinmeye ya da kamusal, bölgesel ve yerel ekonomik ihtiyaçlara hazırlamak için, artık kamu yararından çok sanki kişisel çıkarlara hazırlıyor gibi düşünülmeye başlanmıştır. Araştırmanın Amacı: Bu makale, bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde çalışan akademisyenlerin bakış açılarından, yüksek öğretim kurumlarının amaçları ve kimlikleri, bu kurumlarda üretilen ve iletilen bilgiyi ve bu konularla bağlantılı olarak akademisyenlerin rolleri hakkında yapılan bir çalışmanın sonuçlarını incelemektedir.