The reasons of syntax, and the effect of the grammatical profession: Abu Hayyan Through his interpretation ofSura of Albakara as an example

Abstract

The Arabic grammar was established to save the Quranic text oferror and slippage, because Arabic is inflective language, and theending of a word changes according to its grammatical function ,so the earlier grammarians concerned about syntax, dependingon their mental abstract review to deduce rules, making ofgrammar the standard for right eloquent pronunciation, and thisabstraction established the "active theory" in Arabic grammar.According to this theory, and the straight meaning, Grammariansbegan to care about "sentence". The first references to the sen- tence started in the Book of Sibawayh 180 AH, and the oldestmention to the term " sentence" comes with ALfarra 207 AH, andthese grammatical signals evolved successively, until they reac- hed the culmination in the eighth Islamic century, when the bo- oks concerning the "sentence" began to appear such as: Risala fiirab aljumal of AL- Moradi 749 AH, Ibn Hisham 761 AH, who devo- ted to this topic the second Part of his book (Mugnee alalbeeb),and the book (Alholal fi alkalam ala aljumal) of ShahabuddinAlasbahi Alannabi 776 AH.The research aims to monitor the practical side in syntax, in thetime when the books mentioned previously were written, for thispurpose it chooses "Tafsir albahr almohet " of Abu Hayyan theGrammarian 745 AH, to set the parameters of his attention tosyntax, and study the reasons which called him to care of. Thisresearch introduces the features of grammarians interest in syn- tax, and the effect of inflection in the meaning, and finds that Al- Farra was the first one, who used the term "sentence" , contraryto what is prevalent that Almubarred is the first one, who uses theterm "sentence".The research explores many examples showing the interest ofgrammarians with syntax, because of its importance, since theunderstanding of the Holy verses could be upon it, and the rea- der's understanding may differ depending on inflection, and mul- tiple facets of inflection of a Holy verse leads to numerous multifaceted meaning. The research also points to the reasons ofgrammarians interest in the syntax, and concluded that they werebecause of semantic reasons based on straight meaning.