THE CRITIQUES OF IBN ABI HATİM DIRECTED TO AL-BUKHARI'S AL-TÂRÎKH AL-KABÎR IN THE CONTEXT OF TAFRIK*

İBN EBÎ HÂTİM'İN BAZI RAVİLERİN TEFRÎK'İ BAĞLAMINDA BUHÂRÎ'YE YÖNELİK TENKİDLERİ

Abstract

Ibn Abi Hatim al-Razi (d. 327/938) is one of the most important criticals in the third period of Hijri.The book al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl written by him, is among the largest works of narrators that reached our time. The aforementioned book contains important informations concerning critiques of hadith narrators. In addition to the critique of narrators who lived until the time of Ibn Abi Hatim, the book contains a ciritique of information concerning narrators transmitted by previous hadith and rijal scholars. The aforementioned book gives important informations about narrators in the first three centuries. In al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl, Imam Bukhari (d. 256/870) is one of the hadith and rijal scholars who is criticized because of making mistakes about some narrators. Imam Bukhari, besides being author of Sahih al-Bukhari is from the main sources of hadith, as clearly indicated in the books of at-Târîkh al-kabir, atTârîkh al-awsat and at-Târîkh al-saghir, is one of the great rijal scholars of the third century. Ibn Abi Hâtim did not mention Buhârî's name especially among the critical imams whom he mentioned their names in the context of evaluation of narrators in al-Jarh wa't-ta'dil, includin his father Abu Hatim alRazi (d.277 / 890) and Abu Zür'a al-Razi (d.264/848). Although the name of Bukhari is not mentioned among the imams by Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Jarh wa'tta'dîl are alleged to be based on at-Târîkh al-kabir. Even if Ibn Ebi Hatim brought together critiques of informations mentioned by Buhârî about narrators in at-Târîkh al-kabîr in a separate book, Beyânu hatai Muhammed b. İsmâîl el-Buhhârî fî Târîkhih, it is excluded from our review because the content of the book in question would exceed the article coverage. Our research is limited to the critiques directed to Bukhari in the book al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl. In the both books Beyânu hatai Muhammad b. Ismâl al-Bukhari fi Tarikhih and al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl, Ibn Abi Hatim bases his critiques about the information concerning narrators given by Bukhari, on his father Abu Hatim er-Razi and Abu Zur'a er-Razi. This means that a significant part of the criticisms of Ibn Abi Hatim consists of informations based on narratives. A significant portion of Ibn Abi Hatim`s criticiques is composed narrativebased informations. A quite a bit of critiques directed in al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl to Buhârî by Abu Hatim, basing on er-Razi and Abu Zür'a er-Razi, is consisted of critiques in the context of tafrik that is one of the subdisciplines of Hadith. For being pronounced a person's name, tag or nickname in correct and different ways, tafrik is to suppose that these different words about the person's name, tag and nickname refer to more than one person. In other words, due to pronunciation of name, tag or nickname of a person in error or mistake in different forms, tafrik is to assume that more than one person is present. As a result, incorrectly and wrongly, nonexistent persons are being created; because of saying the names that do not indicate a real personality, it causes the brokenness in chains of hadith transmitters. In our article, in al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl some of the critiques directed in the context of tafrik by Ibn Abi Hâtim to Imam Buhârî are examined comparatively. According to the critiques of Ibn Abi Hatim, Bukhari in his book Târîkh al-kabir by repeatedly recording the names of some transmitters incorrectly, made mistakes in tafrik type, such as making up different persons from a single name. On the basis of his father Abu Hatim al-Razi and Abu Zur'a al-Razi, Ibn Abi Hatim had usually expressed this kind of criticism, through the sentence ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???) Bukhari made this single name two names). In our article, firstly, a brief information was given on al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl and Târîkh al-kabir and then Ibn Abi Hâtim`s approach concerning informations about transmitters given by Imam Buhârî are examined in general way. According to this research, Ibn Abi Hatim mentioned the hadith leaders, he qualified them as "expert", "leader in religion", "reliable" and considered their views in his book Taqdimat al-Ma'rifah which is preface of al-Jarh wa'tta'dîl, in four layers because they are peers. The name of Imam Bukhari, who is a peer with third generation of hadith leaders, was not take part in this stratification. The cause Buhârî not being in the stratification among hadith leaders, is that he claimed that the pronunciation of the Qur'an is a creation. Despite this, Al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl are alleged to be based on al-Târîkh al-kabîr. These allegations were evaluated taking into consideration the related narrations. The evaluations concerning the critiques of Ibn Abi Hatim to Buhari were examined; in this context, even if Bukhari's mistakes are present, It is emphasized that they may be a problem for the first uncorrected copies of alTarîkh al-kabîr that were not yet reviewed by Bukhârî. As well as, moving from differences of al-Tarîkh al-kabir's manuscripts, it is put in words that Ibn Abi Hatim is accurate in part of the critics which he based on his father Abu Hatim ar-Razi and Abu Zur'a ar-Razi and that he is not accurate in its other part. In the context of main goal of our research, Ibn Abi Hatim's critiques in alJarh wa't-ta'dil about Bukhari's mistakes related to tafrîk were examined comparatively on the basis of the books of both hadith scholars. Within this comparative research, first of all, Ibn Abi Hatim's critiques directed towards Bukhârî about transmitters was determined from al-Jarh wa't-ta'dîl; later, Whether or not he behaved correctly

Özet

İbn Ebî Hâtim er-Râzî (ö.327/938) hicrî dördüncü asrın önemli münekkidlerinden biridir. Onun el-Cerh ve't-ta'dil isimli kitabı, zamanımıza kadar ulaşmış en geniş rical eserleri arasındadır. Eser, İbn Ebî Hâtim dönemine kadar yaşamış ravilerin tenkidine ilaveten, daha önceki hadis imamlarından nakledilen ravilere ilişkin bilgilerin eleştirisini de ihtiva etmektedir. el-Cerh ve't-ta'dîl'de, bazı râvîler hakkında hata ettiği gerekçesiyle tenkid edilen hadis âlimlerinden biri İmam Buhârî'dir (ö.256/870). İbn Ebî Hâtim, Buhârî'nin et-Târîhu'l-kebîr'de ravilerle ilgili zikrettiği bilgiler hakkındaki tenkidlerini Beyânu hatai Muhammed b. İsmâîl el-Buhârî fî Târîhihi isimli müstakil bir kitapta toplamıştır. Bu kitabın muhtevası makale hacmini aşacağı için incelememizin dışında tutulmuştur. İncelememiz, el-Cerh ve't-ta'dîl'deki bazı Buhârî tenkidleriyle sınırlıdır. İbn Ebî Hâtim'in Buhârî'ye yönelik tenkidlerinin önemli bir kısmı, tefrik hakkındadır. Tefrîk, bir kişinin isim, künye veya lakabı hatalı ve yanlış olarak farklı şekillerde telaffuz edildiği için, bu farklı lafızların birden fazla kişiye işaret ettiğini zannetmektir. Tefrîk sonucunda, olmayan şahıslar ihdas edilmekte, bu da rivayetlerin senedinde inkıta'a sebep olmaktadır. Makalede, İbn Ebî Hâtim'in el-Cerh ve't-ta'dîl'de Buhârî'ye tefrik bağlamında yönelttiği bazı tenkidler karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmektedir. Öncelikle İbn Ebî Hâtim'in Buhârî'ye yönelik tenkidleri hakkında yapılan yorumlar nakledilmiş; daha sonra, İbn Ebî Hâtim'in bazı raviler bağlamında Buhârî'ye ilişkin söz konusu tenkidleri, her iki âlimin adı geçen kitaplarından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir.