The Relationship Between Trade Openness, Foreign Trade Tax Revenues and GDP in Turkey: ARDL Bounds Test Approach for 1993-2019 Period

Özet

The level of trade openness and the impact of foreign trade taxes on GDP is one of the frequently discussed topics in the literature. Especially with the globalization and economic integration movements, analyzing these factors related to the foreign trade of the countries has become a subject of vital importance and attracting attention among researchers. However, there is no generally accepted opinion regarding the extent and direction of the effects of these two factors on GDP. Because the level of trade openness (export + import) and the size of the foreign trade tax revenues vary from country to country. This study examined under the influence of Turkey. By determining the magnitude and direction of this effect in Turkey, the study is intended to contribute to the literature, decisions related to foreign trade and future researchers. In this study which is conducted for the period 1993-2019, ARDL Bounds Test Method was used. As a result of the analysis, a low and negative relationship was found in Turkey from foreign trade tax revenues to GDP. On the other hand, a positive and meaningful relationship to GDP was determined from the level of trade openness. These definitions show that additional tax obligations imposed on foreign trade in order to increase tax revenues in Turkey negatively affect growth, while the opening of the use of economic instruments to foreign investors and consumers positively affects economic growth.