Reliable data gathering in the Internet of Things using artificial bee colony

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables physical devices to communicate with each other forpreparing, gathering, and sharing hazard warnings or critical information without human intervention. With respectto emergency applications of IoT technology, an essential issue is to provide an efficient and robust scheme for datagathering. The proposed solution in the existing approaches is to construct a spanning tree over the IoT devices andcollect data using the tree. The shortcoming of these algorithms is that they do not take into account the probabilityof device mobility or failure. In such cases, the spanning tree is split, and it becomes impossible to deliver criticaldata to the base station on time. In this paper, we propose a reliable spanning tree construction algorithm, which iscalled reliable spanning tree construction in IoT (RST-IoT). Our algorithm utilizes the artificial bee colony algorithmto generate proper trees. In this method, hop count distances of the devices from the base station, residual energiesof the devices, and their mobility probabilities are considered to measure the appropriateness of the trees. Moreover,the proposed algorithm generates a number of trees instead of a single one. These trees are arranged according totheir preferences and used for data gathering in succession. Each tree is employed for data gathering upon splittingthe preceding one. The simulation results show that RST-IoT improves the reliability of data gathering in emergencyapplications compared to the previous approaches.