Ali al-Qārî’s Evaluations on The Hadithes Used as a Proof in Hanefian Madhhab

Ali el-Kārî’nin Hanefî Mezhebi’nde İstidlal Edilen Âhâd Haberler Hakkındaki Değerlendirmeleri

Abstract

Vast majority of Sunnah which takes place among the important sources for fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) was transmitted as single (ahad) transmissions. There are hundreds of hadith in hadith books. Since there are contradictions among most of these single transmissions, it has been compulsury to handle them within a certain methodology, which leads to Madhhabs having different approaches. As a result, Madhhabs have developed different approaches concerning the acceptance of single transmissions. The subject single transmissions is discussed in detail in the methodology and practical books. Through these books, sects became systematic.The views of the schools about ahad news should be determined. For this reason, the books of Hanefi School were examined. It was given importance the Ali Al-Qari 's books, because it is the subject of the study. Hadiths used by the school were detected and Ali Al-Qari’ comments on these hadiths were investigated.Scholars from different Madhhabs have penned books to be able to clarify their Madhhabs’ position agains the single transmissions. The chief work that examines the hadithes used by Hanefian scholars is the sharh (detailed explanation) called Fethu Bab Al- Inayah by Ali Al-Qari. Ali Al-Qari was born in the Middle Asia but he had to move to Makkah. He educated himself pretty well in religious studies, which is confirmed by his important works in different branches. Ali Al-Qari’studies on the hadith give importance to the opinions of the hadiths used by the Hanefian Madhhab. Among Ali Al-Qari’s signifant works, one can mention his book called Fethu Bab Al- Inayah. In this work, the author grounds the Hanefian Madhhab and especially handles the Madhhab’s approach to hadithes. As seen in our study, Hanefian Madhhab covers single transmissions within a methodology and meticulously and uses as a source. In this study we handle Ali Al-Qari’s theoretical views on single transmissions and we examine his method of using single transmissions as a proof on some subject matters in Islamic jurisprudence. Ali Al-Qari acknowledges the importance of single transmissions but he claims there are certain conditions for the adoption of the single transmissions. Ali Al-Qari says the Hanefian Madhhab accepts the single transmissions according to these conditions. Ali Al-Qari says schools think differently at this point. Ali Al-Qari examines the different ways of these hadiths while researching the hadiths used by the Hanefian Madhhab.

Özet

Fıkhın önemli kaynakları arasında yer alan sünnetin büyük çoğunluğu âhâd olarak nakledilmiştir. Ancak âhâd haberlerin birçoğu arasında teâruz bulunduğu için bu haberlere bir metodoloji çerçevesinde yaklaşma zorunluluğu doğmuş, bu da mezheplerin bu haberleri kabul noktasında farklı yaklaşımlara sahip olmasına neden olmuştur. Farklı mezheplere mensup âlimler, kendi ekollerinin âhâd haber karşısındaki tutumunu izah edebilmek için hacimli eserler kaleme almışlardır. Hanefî alimlerinin kullandığı hadisleri inceleyen eserlerin başında Ali el-Kārî’nin Fethu Bâbi’l-İnâye isimli şerhi gelmektedir. Ali el Kārî küçük yaşlarda taşındığı Mekke’de hadis ve fıkıh başta olmak üzere dini ilimler alanında kendisini oldukça iyi bir şekilde yetiştirmiştir. Müellifin bu hususu teyit eder nitelikte muhtelif alanlarda önemli eserleri bulunmaktadır. Ali el-Kārî Fethu Bâbi’l-İnâye eserinde Hanefî mezhebinin temellendirmesini yapmakta, özellikle mezhebin hadislere karşı yaklaşımını ele almaktadır. Bu çalışmada görüldüğü üzere Hanefî mezhebi, âhâd haberi bir metodoloji çerçevesinde titiz bir şekilde ele almış ve kaynak olarak kullanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Ali el-Kārî’nin âhâd haber ile ilgili teorik görüşleri ele alınmış, daha sonra bazı fürû-ı fıkıh örnekleri üzerinden âhâd haber ile istidlal yöntemi incelenmiştir.