Heart rate in heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction

Özet

Heart failure is a disease that has high mortality and morbidityrates. However, as a syndrome, different phenotypes have beenintroduced by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2016guidelines (1). Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)is the major phenotype in which evidence-based medicine withACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (or ARNI in placeof these agents), beta blockers, mineralocorticoid receptorantagonists, and ivabradine play an important role (1). The ESC2016 guidelines introduced a novel phenotype, named heartfailure with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF), in addition toanother major phenotype–heart failure with preserved ejectionfraction (HFpEF) (1). Among the two major phenotypes, HFmrEFremains in the “grey” or “transition” zone of diagnosis, withboth-sided transitions identifid in the literature (2). This littlebrother (or sister) was initially introduced to behave like HFpEF;hence, the diagnosis simulated HFpEF. However, recent datadesignate that HFmrEF might be more similar to HFrEF (3)