Chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter and their source apportionment at an emerging industrial coastal city, Visakhapatnam, India

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In the present study, particulate matter (PM10) was collected from two different locations viz. Jogannapalemand Parawada sites of Visakhapatnam. During study period, PM10 concentrations were found inthe range from 34.8 to 109.7 mg/m3 and from 32.3 to 137.3 mg/m3 at Jogannapalem and Parawada sitesrespectively. Chemical characterization of PM10 was carried out to estimate the concentration levels ofvarious particle bound chemical species (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Cl, F-, NO3-, SO42, Naþ, Kþ,Mg2þ and Ca2þ). Among different species, Al was observed to have highest average concentration (4.1 mg/m3 at Jogannapalem and 3.8 mg/m3 at Parawada) at both the sampling sites followed by K at Jogannapalemand Ca at Parawada. PM10 concentration as well as trace metals concentration (except Mn and Fe)was observed to have higher concentrations at Parawada site as compared to Jogannapalem site, indicatinghigher pollution at Parawada.Source apportionment study carried out using PMF (USEPA PMF5.0) receptor model identified sixmajor sources at Jogannapalem and seven predominant sources at Parawada, which are contributing tocollected PM. The two study locations share five common sources viz. crustal, sea salt spray, coal combustion,fuel oil combustion and metal industry. The other sources include biomass burning at Jogannapalem;road traffic and secondary aerosols at Parawada. At Jogannapalem, biomass burning (35%) isthe predominant source, whereas coal combustion (22.6%) is dominating at Parawada. PMF factor profileswere observed to have similar elemental profiles obtained at different industrial locations ofVisakhapatnam.