Clinical Importance of Serum and Urinary Fractalkine Level in Primary Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Özet

Objective: Fractalkine is a chemotactic agent that shows both tumorogenic and anti-tumorogenic activity in some cancer types. In this study, we investigated the role of fractalkine in the diagnosis, progression and recurrence of primer non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and compared it with the healthy population. Methods: Overall, 84 people that consisted of 44 cases with primary NMIBC and 40 healthy controls enrolled for this study. Blood and urine samples were collected and fractalkine levels were measured by the ELISA method. Urinary creatinine levels were calculated and urinary fractalkine levels were optimized. Demographic data, tumor stage (Ta, T1), grade (low and high), number of tumors, tumor size, recurrence and progression status of patients were recorded. NMP22 test was performed on the patient group and urine cytology was sent from the patients. Fractalkine levels and subgroup analyses were compared between two groups. Results: The mean age of patients was 63.9±11.1 and 62.3±9.6 in the control group. The mean urinary fractalkine level was7.8±0.9 ng/ml in the study group and 7.7±0.6 ng/ml in the control group; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.426). Mean urinary fractalkine/creatinine level was similar between the study group and control group (16.0±32.2 ng/mgCr and 11.1±7.0 ng/mgCr, respectively, p=0.781). Mean serum fractalkine level was 2.9±1.2 ng/ml in the study group and 2.9±0.7 ng/ml in the control group; there was not a statistically significant difference (p=0.183). Also, we could not find any relation of fractalkine levels with tumor size, number, recurrence and progression. NMP 22 test was positive in half of the study group and Fractalkine levels were higher in the patients that NMP22 tests were negative that was statistically significantly. Cytology was positive for 45.5% of patients, but there was not any statistical correlation between fractalkine levels and cytology. Conclusion: In this study, we did not find a significant difference concerning serum and urinary fractalkine level between the two groups. These findings do not support the use of fractalkine as a biomarker for bladder cancer diagnosis and follow-up.