Population dynamics of lacebugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae) and its natural enemies in almond orchards of Turkey

Abstract

A study of the natural enemies of Tingidae species populations, in almond orchard located in the Diyarbakir, Elazig and Mardin areas of Turkey, was carried out during 2002-2003. Monosteira spp. is economically the most important tingid species of almond in Turkey and causes considerable damage. As a result of the study, three tingid species were found. Those species were Monosteira lobulifera Reuter, 1888, M. unicostata (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) and Stephanitispyri (Fabricius, 1775). Their natural enemies, 24 predators' coccinellid species and 5 heteropter species were indicated in the almond areas.