How Can We Measure Psychological "Hardiness"? Personal View Survey II: Reliability and Validity Study in a Turkish Sample

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the current study is to study reliability and validity of Turkish Adaptation of Personal View Survey-II (PVS-II; Maddi 1987) which is used for measuring hardiness personality characteristic, having three sub-scales (Control, Commitment, Challenge) and 50 items. Method: For this study, 100 university students were administered four selfreport measures including PVS-II, Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), and Turkish Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI). Results: Following the factor analysis run for the PVS-II, two factors, namely "Commitment/Control" and "Challenge/Control" were obtained with high internal consistency coefficients. Consistent with the original scale, it includes reverse items and the higher the scores are, the lower the hardiness personality characteristic exists. Internal consistencies of the two factors were obtained as .77 for the Commitment/Control factor and .72 for the Challenge/Loss of Control factor. Moreover, the survey revealed significant correlations with the measures of BHS and WCI. Conclusion: Although the items of the original Control factor, distributed between other two factors, this result supports the multidimensional nature of hardiness construct. On the other hand, the differences from the original scale have been significant preliminary findings for culture-specific structure of psychological hardiness characteristic to be questioned. All these findings are discussed in the light of literature knowledge.