Sentetik Kannabinoid Kullanan Genç Yetiþkin Erkeklerde Sosyodemografik ve Klinik Özellikler

Sociodemographic and Clinical Features of Young Adult Males Using Synthetic Cannabinoid

Abstract

Amaç: Sentetik Kannabinoid (SK), kullanýmý tüm dünyada yaygýnlaþmaktadýr. Kullanýcý profillerini ortaya koyan çalýþmalar maddenin özellikle genç erkekler arasýnda yaygýnlaþtýðýný göstermektedir. Ülkemizdeki SK kullanýcýlarýnýn sosyo-demografik, klinik özelliklerini ve madde kullanýmýna yönelik motivasyonlarýna yönelik bilgiler kýsýtlýdýr. Öte yandan SK kullanýmýna baðlý akut intoksikasyon belirtilerine dair bilgilerin artmasýna karþýn uzun süreli SK kullanýmýna baðlý bedensel ve psikiyatrik sonuçlar ile yol açtýðý iþlev kayýplarý hakkýnda bilinenler yetersizdir. Bu çalýþmada, SK kullanýmýyla iliþkili sosyodemografik, klinik özellikler ile SK kullanýmýnýn yol açtýðý olumsuz sonuçlarýn araþtýrýlmasý amaçlanmýþtýr. Yöntem: Çalýþmaya Kasým 2014-Nisan 2015 tarihleri arasýnda SK kullanýmý nedeniyle psikiyatri polikliniðine baþvuran SK kullaným kozukluðu tanýsý konulan 166 erkek hasta alýndý. Hastalarýn sosyodemografik bilgileri, madde kullaným özellikleri, ailesel madde kullanýmý, madde kullanma gerekçeleri, týbbi özgeçmiþi, madde kullanýmýna baðlý yaþanan sorunlar ve istismar öyküsü sorgulandý. Bulgular: SK kullanýmýna baþlama yaþý 17.25±2.30 olarak bulundu. SK kullaným süresi 3.79±2.15 yýldý. SK kullanýmýna en sýk, sigara (%95.8) ve kannabis (%88.6) kullanýmýnýn eþlik ettiði bulundu. %62.7’inde SK kullanýmýna baðlý intihar düþüncesi geliþtiði belirlendi. Psikiyatrik yan etkiler içerisinde en sýk öfori, hallüsinasyon, þüphecilik ve intihar düþüncesinin geliþtiði saptandý. Uzun süreli SK kullanýmýna baðlý olarak olgularýn yaklaþýk 1/3’nün iþ kaybý ve yasal sorun yaþadýðý bulundu. Sonuç: SK kullanýcýlarýnýn sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin ve kullanma gerekçelerinin belirlenmesi, etkin müdahale programlarýnýn geliþtirilmesine katkýda bulunabilir. Ayrýca SK’lerin uzun süreli kullanýmýnýn yol açtýðý olumsuzluklarýn ortaya konulmasýnýn bu psikotrop ajanlarýn popülerliðine katkýda bulunan doðal ve zararsýz ürünler olduðu yönündeki genel kanýnýn deðiþimine katkýda bulunabileceði deðerlendirilmektedir.

Özet

Object: Synthetic Cannabinoid (SC) use is becoming more widespread throughout the world. Studies that revealed user profiles indicate that the drug is especially popular among young men. Knowledge on sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and motivation for SC users in our country is limited. On the other hand, in spite of the increase of information known about symptoms of acute intoxication of SC use, physical and psychiatric consequences and loss of function due to longterm use of SC is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate socio-demographic and clinical characteristics associated with SC use and the negative consequences caused by the use of SC. Methods: 166 male patients who admitted to the psychiatric outpatient clinic due to SC use disorder between November 2014 to April 2015 were enrolled in the study. Demographic data of patients, substance use characteristics, familial substance use, reasons for substance use, medical history, the problems related to drug use was questioned. Results: The age of onset for SC use was found to be 17.25 ± 2.30. SC using duration was 3.79 ± 2.15 years. The most common agents accompanying SC use were smoking (95.8%) and cannabis (88.6%). It was determined that 62.7% developed suicidal ideas due to SC use. Among psychiatric side effects, most common were euphoria, hallucinations, skepticism and suicidal ideation. About 1/3 of cases were found to live loss of business and legal issues depending on long-term SC use. 76.5% of the patients' consumed SC through inhalation and 22.9 % orally. It was determined that oral users began SC use at an earlier age than users via inhalation. Discussion: Despite the physical, mental, occupational, social and legal problems caused by the use of SC, it has become an important public health problem, especially among young men. Effective intervention programs for the use of outbreaking SCs need to be developed.