High Efficiency Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Zygotic Embryos of Grapevine: The Effect of Genotype, Media, 2,4-D, and Incubation Conditions

Asmada Olgunlaflmam›fl Zigotik Embriyolardan Yüksek Oranda Somatik Embriyo Oluflumu: Genotip, Besi Ortam›, 2,4-D ve ‹nkübasyon Koflullar›n›n Etkisi

Abstract

Immature zygotic embryos of 41 B grape rootstock (V. vinifera L. cv. 'Chasselas' x V. berlandieri) and Yalova İncisi (V. vinifera L.) were cultured on MS, NN, and B5 media supplemented with 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg l-1 2,4-D at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and complete darkness. For 41 B rootstock, the highest somatic embryo formation was obtained from dark condition on B5 media containing 0.5 and 1 mg l-1 2,4-D with the rates of 30% and 28.9%, respectively. Yalova İncisi zygotic embryos produced 5% somatic embryos only at 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod of MS supplemented with 1 mg l-1 2,4-D, and also in 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod and complete darkness somatic embryos were produced at the rates of 6.3% and 2.3%, respectively, in cultures of NN containing 0.5 mg l-1 2,4-D. After 8 months of culture, 559 embryos at torpedo stage were identified on B5 + 1 mg l-1 2,4-D + dark cultures of 41 B and 912 embryos at torpedo stage were identified on NN + 0.5 mg l-1 2,4-D + light cultures of Yalova İncisi. The highest germination and plantlet conversion rates were obtained from 41 B on free NN medium (58% and 75%, respectively) and from Yalova İncisi on free MS medium (77.4% and 45%, respectively). Of the regenerated somatic plantlets, 91.9% were successfully transferred to soil.

Özet

41 B Amerikan asma anac› (V. vinifera L. cv. ‘Chasselas’ × V. berlandieri) ve Yalova ‹ncisi üzüm çeflidinin (V. vinifera L.) olgunlaflmam›fl zigotik embriyo eksplantlar›, içerisinde 0.5, 1, 2 ve 4 mg l-1 2,4-D bulunan MS, NN ve B5 besi ortamlar›nda, fotoperyodu 16/8 saat ›fl›k/karanl›k ve tamamen karanl›k koflullarda kültüre al›nm›flt›r. 41 B anac›nda en yüksek oranda somatikembriyo oluflumu karanl›k koflullardaki 0.5 ve 1 mg l-1 2,4-D içeren B5 ortamlar›nda s›ras›yla % 30 ve % 28.9 oran›nda saptanm›flt›r. Yalova ‹ncisi zigotik embriyolar› yaln›z 1 mg l-1 2,4-D içeren MS ortam›n›n fotoperyodu 16/8 saat ›fl›k/karanl›k kültürlerinde % 5; 0.5 mg l-1 2,4-D içeren NN ortam›n›n fotoperyodu 16/8 saat ›fl›k/karanl›k ve tamamen karanl›k kültürlerinde ises›ras›yla % 6.3 ve % 2.3 oranlar›nda somatik embriyo oluflturmufltur. Sekiz ayl›k kültür süresi sonunda 41 B’nin B5+1 mg l-1 2,4- D+karanl›k kültürlerinde 559 adet, Yalova ‹ncisi’nin NN+0.5 mg l-1 2,4-D+ayd›nl›k kültürlerinde ise 912 adet embriyonun torpedo evresinde oldu¤u belirlenmifltir. En yüksek çimlenme ve tam bitkiye dönüflüm oran› hormonsuz NN ortam›nda kültüre al›nan 41 B’ den (s›ras›yla % 58 ve % 75); Yalova ‹ncisi’nde ise hormonsuz MS ortam›nda (s›ras›yla % 77.4 ve % 45) elde edilmifltir. Rejenerasyon gösteren somatik bitkiciklerin % 91.9’ u baflar›yla topra¤a aktar›lm›flt›r.