Journals / Yıldırım Beyazıt Hukuk Dergisi / 2019 / YBHD 2019/1

THE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE ADMINISTRATION IN ANGLO-SAXON AND CONTINENTAL SYSTEMS

ANGLOSAKSON VE KITA AVRUPASI HUKUK SİSTEMLERİNDE İDARENİN YARGISAL DENETİMİNİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI VE GELİŞİMİ

Pages
61–88
DOI
—

Abstract

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:162; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520082689 -1073697537 9 0 511 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> While the judicial review of the administration is generally accepted, there are different systems in terms of the courts that will perform this review. Different political, economic and social conditions of countries have led to the emergence of different systems in terms of this review. In France, it was possible to establish administrative courts by prohibiting the ordinary courts to review administrative actions and activities. In the United Kingdom, when the review by the ordinary courts became insufficient, semi-judicial institutions and recently Administrative Court were established. In our country, in the Ottoman Era, the Council of State (Şûra-yı Devlet) was established by taking the example of Conseil d’Etat in France but an administrative judicial system in the present sense could not be created. These differences in the emergence of judicial review of administration between legal systems have caused notable differences not only regarding the reviewing authorities but also the scope and limits of this review.

Özet

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:162; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-520082689 -1073697537 9 0 511 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:10.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page WordSection1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;} --> İdarenin yargısal denetimi, genel bir kabul görmekle birlikte bu denetimin hangi mahkemeler tarafından yapılacağı konusunda farklı sistemler bulunmaktadır. Ülkelerin siyasi, iktisadi ve sosyal şartları, bu denetim açısından değişik sistemlerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Fransa’da adliye mahkemelerinin idari işlem ve faaliyetleri denetlemelerinin yasaklanması ile idare mahkemelerinin kurulması mümkün olmuştur. İngiltere’de ise adliye mahkemeleri tarafından yapılan denetimin yetersiz kalması ile yarı yargısal kuruluşlar ve son dönemde idare mahkemesi kurulmuştur. Ülkemizde Osmanlı Devleti döneminde Fransa’daki Conseil d’Etat örnek alınarak Şûra-yı Devlet kurulmuş ancak bugünkü anlamda bir idari yargı sistemi oluşturulamamıştır. Hukuk sistemleri arasında idarenin yargısal denetiminin ortaya çıkış sürecindeki bu farklılıklar sadece denetimi yapan makamlar açısından değil, bu denetimin kapsamı ve sınırları konusunda da önemli farkların oluşmasına neden olmuştur.

Keywords: : Şûra-yı Devlet, İdari Yargı, Hukuk Devleti, Conseil d’Etat, Ortak Hukuk