The Evidence of Shamanism Rituals in Early Prehistoric Periods of Europe and Anatolia

Abstract

Archaeological evidence about shamanism which is an extremely ancient and once widespread religion dating back to the hunting-gathering cultures of the Palaeolithic period Dioszegi 1960: 8; Eliade 1964: xv, 504; Furst 1977: 21; Maringer 1977; Walsh 1990: 13, 141-150, 161; Ripinsky-Naxon 1993: 70; D’Aquili – Newberg 1999; Whitley 2000; Winkelman 2000; Lewis-Williams 2002; Pearson 2002; Emerson 2003; Aldhouse-Green – Aldhouse-Green 2005; McCall 2007; van Pool – van Pool 2007; Yakar 2009 are becoming increasingly common.