Fibromyalgia and Depression within the Framework of Biopsychosocial Model

Abstract

In today’s world, many people suffer from disor— ders of musculoskeletal system including fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) leading to lower health-related qual— ity of life. Specifically, the development of criteria for the syndrome was formed as ‘fibrositis’ by Smythe and Moldofsky in 1977. Then, the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification was expanded to set of criteria including tender points and decreased pain threshold (Wolfe Hauser, 2011). FMS is characterized by generalized bodily pain and sensitivity at 11 of 18 tender points, chronic widespread pain, fatigue and sleep disturbance during at least months. Besides, tender— ness, rigidity, mood disturbances including depression or anxiety, and some cognitive difficulties such as trouble in concentrating, forgetfulness, and disorganized thinking are experienced by the most of patients (Arnold, Clauw, McCarberg, 2011).