BASRA EXPEDITION IN FUZÛLÎ’S EULOGY

Abstract

The conditions under which historical events happen, reactions that society shows against these events and feelings of people reflect on literary texts. Literary texts can never reflect the reality as it is. To expect these texts to do that is contrast to the nature of art. Literary texts are the piece of works that are woven around the beauty, and their aim is to present whatever they tell in an aesthetical way. All elements of life can find a place for themselves here to the extent they beautify and deepen the text since the main factor of these texts is beauty. In addition, literary texts are created by a writer, who has a certain position in the middle of certain relationships system in a specific society. Although writer’s aim is not to transfer the society, relationship system in this society, and main belief and thinking ways of this society, these elements also take place in the text. The mindset factors, which are imbedded in the text, establish the background of the text. Structures, which come from living in a specific region and in a certain social system but are not aimed at being transferred directly by writer, help to understand the period that the text is written. Most of the time, elaborate details about the period that the text is written are needed to analyze these structures. Eulogies’ being written for statesmen and clergymen naturally puts these texts into the category of historical texts. With the reasons of being written, they turn into evidences that witness an event and reflect the effects and results of this event. Many elements like the time of a conquest, a structure’s year of built, the reasons and type of a military expedition, state-artist relationships, the state and ruler model in the minds of public directly or indirectly take place in eulogies. Since eulogies are written by an artist, naturally, reality about these matters turns into an aesthetical reality and melts in it. In addition, it can be stated that eulogies, compared to other genres, transfer the reality that has been formed around the ruling of the period more directly. In this study, three eulogies that Fuzûlî presented to Ayas Pasha because of his Basra Expedition are analyzed. Through these three aforementioned eulogies, the phases of Basra Expedition are explained.

Özet

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