SÜLEYMAN GİRYÂNÎ'S TWELVE IMAMS MENÂKİBNÂME

Abstract

Work which is told Allah's friends' lives and unusual situations is book telling saints' lives. Kitabü'l-menâkıb parts told merits of companion in hadith books are accepted as first examples of this type. A lot of works which are evaluated in Turkish İslâmic literature are compiled because Turkish people entered İslâm and İslâm expanded to Turkish people. Süleyman Giryânî living between second half of 19.century and first quarter 20. century is evaluated as one of poets giving work in final period in the field of peotic book telling saints' lives. Work having title of "Eimmei İsnâ Aşer Menâkıb Hâllerinden Bir Şemme Beyân Olunur" tells names, nicknames and degrees of twelvers; parents names, miracles, where, how, how old, who were they martyred by, where are their bodies. Enthusiastic painting of Imam Ali lover was drawed in Eimme-i İsnâ Aşer Menâkıbnâme. Generally, Hadiths and verses from the Quran about Love of Âl-i Muhammed are in the text. In this work, it is given information about source of the book telling saints' lives as a literary genre firstly and produced works in this field and about twelvers legends. And then writer is introduced by dicoursing life and literate features of Giryânî. With outlines content features of Eimme-i İsnâ Aşer Menâkıbnâme, twelvers poetics sum up as prose, their sources are tried to be reached by determining hadiths and verses of the Koran. The evaluation was made about form features of text determined one copy. Finally, contexture and rhythm features of menâkıbnâme was examined; most of them was given with transcription form The author of Menâkıbnâme, Süleyman Giryânî was born, lived and died in Divriği. He was known as Bozokoğlu Süleyman who was born in 1277/1861 and died in 1333/1915. The poet received Arabic and Persian lessons from preacher and Professor Mullah Hasan Efendi after completing his education at educational institutions. Giryânî has taught for many years at the school which was opened in the center of Divrigi during the time of Abdulhamid. The only known work of Giryânî is mesnevî called Necmü'l-Kulûb. The work is a mesnevî with religious, mystical and moral qualities. In the content of the work, Hz. Ali describing the virtues of Ali and Ehli Beyt, hadith-i sharifs, verse interpretations of these references; the issue of the caliphate, the battle of the Sıffin, the event of the referee; Eimme-i Isnâ Aşer's life and his notes are included. The only copy of the mesnevî which is paid is registered with the number 06 Mil Yz A 9041 in Ankara National Library. The literary genre of the Twelve Imams Menâkıbnâme, the work of which is the work of menkabe. Allah and, the superior qualities of those who have won the superior qualities are described in menkabes. The concept of Menkabe is first in Islamic world. The works written about halilites, a tribe or imperial sect imams for the sections where the Sahab al-fitîes are mentioned in the hadis books written since the thirteenth century are used for the texts describing the holy cities. Parents who spread rapidly in Anatolia are classified in different forms: local parents who are not recognized outside of a limited area such as Sarı Baba, Kara Dede; Mevlânâ, Hacı Bayram-ı Velî, Yunus Emre and other people known in a wide geography; Parents who are the founders of history, based on documents or accounts such as Suhreverdism, Kubrevism, Mevlevîsm, and historical reality; Sarı Saltık, Otman Baba; Hacı Bektaş-ı Velî, Hacım Sultan, the proprietors of the mission such as; The descendants of the Torah like Danyal and Joshua Prophet; Those who are of Qur'an origin such as Ashab-ı Kehf, Hızır-İlyas; Ebu Eyyub elEnsari, Abdülvehhbb Gazi, etc. More than a hundred men are written in Turkish literature. The first example of this approach is the Tezkire-i Saltuk Buğra Han by Saltuk Buğra Han, the founder of Karahanlılar. After this menkabe, the following accounts of Ahmed-i Yesevi's Cevâhirü'l-Ebrâr min Emvâci'l-Bihâr, Menâkıb-ı Sadruddin-i Konevî, Mevlanâ, Menâkıb-ı Hacı Bektaş-ı Velî, Menâkıb-ı Ahi Evrân, min Menâkbü'l-Ârifîn, Vilâyetnâme-i Hacı Bektaş-ı Velî, Menâk-ı Hacı Bayram-ı Velî are written in many menkaba. The census of Giryânî can also be regarded as an "eimme-i isnâ aşer/düvâz" in that twelve Imams are mentioned in turn. Isnâ Aşer, which means "Twelve Elements Division", is a Shia sect that embraces the Twelve Imams. Shia, Hz. After the death of the Prophet, Hz. Ali is the common name of the community who deserves salvation and imam, who believes that the descendants of him are nominated by nass and testament as imams. Basically, such a theory is wich It is not in the period of Prophet and calips. Hz. After Hussein's martyrdom in Karbala, the Shi'is leaves many groups. Of course, the most famous of these is the group known as Isnâ Aşer. The Twelve Imams are considered to be a source of faith in Shi'ism. According to the Muntersi, they are regarded as the closest thing to Allah in all directions, liaison between God and man, and a noble clan who makes everything in the name of Allah. Because of these particularities, imams are believed to be innocent, sinless, supreme, great, immortal. There are different interpretations of the fact that the numbers are "Twelve": analogies to the Twelve Apostles in Christianity are those who say they are inspired by it, as well as those who link their roots to ancient Anatolian, Greek, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indian, Central Asian civilizations. Eimme-i isnâ is written as an obligation to be Alevî-Bektaşî. The emergence of "Ivaz" as a literary term has been explained by the deep love and strong loyalty to the Twelve Imams in the Alevî-Bektaşî tradition. The Düvâz is a poem used by the names of the Twelve Imams, mostly used for the breaths written by Alevî-Bektaşî poets. Twelve Imams from the XV century to the XX th century; nicknames-titles; They must be martyred, mad, and innocent; They are known to be a kudsî group who believes that their descendants will continu

Özet

Allah dostlarının sıra dışı hayatları, olağanüstü hallerinin anlatıldığı eserlere menâkıbnâme denir. Hadîs kitaplarındaki sahabe fazîletlerinin anlatıldığı Kitâbü'l-Menâkıb bölümleri bu türün ilk örnekleri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Türklerin İslâmiyet'e girmesi ve tasavvufun Türklerin arasında hızla yayılmasıyla Türk İslâm edebiyatı sahasında menâkıbnâme türü içinde değerlendirilebilecek birçok eser te'lif edilmiştir. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ile XX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde yaşayan Süleyman Giryânî, manzûm menâkıbnâme alanında eser veren divan edebiyatının son dönem şairlerinden biri olarak değerlendirilebilir. Şairin "Eimme-i İsnâ Aşer Menâkıb Hâllerinden Bir Şemme Beyân Olunur" başlığını taşıyan bu eserinde On İki İmam'ın isim, lakap ve unvanları; anne-baba adları; kerâmetleri, nerede, nasıl yaşadıkları; kaç yaşında, kim tarafından şehit edildikleri ve na'şlarının bulunduğu mekânlar anlatılmıştır. Eimme-i İsnâ Aşer Menâkıbnâmesi'nde coşkun bir Hz. Ali muhabbeti tablosu çizilmiştir. Metinde Âl-i Muhammed muhabbeti hakkındaki âyet-i kerîmeler ve hadîs-i şerîflerin ağırlıkta olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada öncelikle bir edebî tür olarak menâkıbnâmelerin kaynağı, bu sahada ortaya konulan eserler ile manzûm On İki İmam menkabeleri hakkında genel bir bilgi verilmiştir. Ardından Giryânî'nin hayatı ve edebî yönü üzerinde durularak müellif tanıtılmıştır. Eimme-i İsnâ Aşer Menâkıbnâme'sinin muhtevâ özellikleri sadedinde ana hatlarıyla On İki İmam manzûmeleri mensur olarak özetlenmiş, âyet ve hadîslerin tasbiti yapılarak kaynaklarına ulaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Tek nüsha halinde tasbit edilen yazmanın şekil husûsiyyetleri hakkında bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Son olarak Menâkıbnâme'nin tertip ve vezin özellikleri incelenmiş; metnin büyük bir bölümü transkripsiyonlu haliyle verilmiştir.