THE IMPORTANCE OF "FOLKLORIC DOLLS" IN MAINTAINING THE EXISTENCE OF TURKISH TRADITIONAL COSTUMES

TÜRKİYE’DE GELENEKSEL KIYAFETLERİN YAŞATILMASINDA “FOLKLORİK YAPMA BEBEKLER”

Abstract

Folkloric dolls are cultural products produced by dressing handmade or plastic dolls in traditional costumes. In Turkey, various folkloric dolls are produced with different materials and diverse local costumes thanks to the support of local authorities or individual enterprises. These costumes, which possess the authenticity of traditional Anatolian costumes, are produced using local fabrics that embody the clothing styles of Anatolian people. The dolls are either named after the materials that are used to produce them or the regions where they are produced. On the folkloric dolls, there are shirts, salvars (baggy trousers), short jackets (cepken), vests, üçetek (a long robe with three pieces), robes, bindallı (garments made of purple velvet), sashes, and aprons, along with different headdresses that complement them. Folkloric costumes, which are one of the most glamorous parts of Turkish culture, are the most significant tangible products that provide insights into Anatolian culture, lifestyle, social status and art. However, nowadays, original examples of these traditional costumes that are worn for folk dances and bridal showers (henna nights), along with those worn by a certain age group in some villages gradually disappear. Researchers and ethnographic museums should shoulder the responsibility to protect them. Moreover, it is vital to familiarize next generations with traditional costumes and make them popular among next generations by means of creating new areas of usage. Folkloric dolls constitute a good example for the aforementioned areas of usage. The main reason for this is that they have a significant role in bridging the gap between the past and the future, contributing to cultural exchange due to their characteristic as touristic products, and finally providing financial profit to local people. In the study, folkloric dolls are intended to be introduced as new cultural products produced in various regions of Turkey. In the study, Kıtre Doll with folkloric costumes, Elif as the traditional Turkish Doll, Soğanlı Doll of Kayseri, Besi Doll of Adıyaman, Çomakdağ Doll of Muğla, stone dolls with traditional costumes, Damal Doll of Ardahan, Keles Doll of Bursa, Kağızman Doll of Kars, and Azdavay Doll of Kastamonu are examined. Folkloric dolls are cultural products produced by dressing handmade or plastic dolls in traditional costumes. In Turkey, various folkloric dolls are produced with different materials and diverse local costumes thanks to the support of local authorities or individual enterprises. These costumes, which possess the authenticity of traditional Anatolian costumes, are produced using local fabrics that embody the clothing styles of Anatolian people. The dolls are either named after the materials that are used to produce them or the regions where they are produced. On the folkloric dolls, there are shirts, salvars (baggy trousers), short jackets (cepken), vests, üçetek (a long robe with three pieces), robes, bindallı (garments made of purple velvet), sashes, and aprons, along with different headdresses that complement them. Folkloric costumes are unique tangible records that reflect Turkish culture with their local fabrics produced in handlooms with various specific designs and embellishments that complement the costumes. Besides, they provide significant data about Anatolian lifestyle, social status and art. The embellishments that complement the folkloric costumes are as follows: Embroideries, goldwork embroideries (Bartın embroidery), sequins, beads, needlework, crochet, needlepoint, lockstitch, bodkin embroideries; knitted clothes produced with two or five knitting needles; belt weaving and cardweaving (also known as “çarpana” and “kolan” weaving); golden and silver jewellery, and most importantly headdresses. In Turkey, various folkloric dolls are produced by means of using different materials and various local costumes thanks to the support of local authorities or individual enterprises. These dolls are produced using local fabrics that embody the clothing styles of Anatolian people and reflecting the authenticity of traditional Anatolian costumes. Nowadays, however, original examples of these traditional costumes that are worn for folk dances and bridal showers (henna nights), along with those worn by a certain age group in some villages gradually disappear. Ethnographic museums and researchers should shoulder the responsibility to protect them. Moreover, traditional costumes should be introduced to and made popular among next generations by means of creating new areas of usage. The main reason for this is that they have a significant role in bridging the gap between the past and the future, contributing to cultural exchange due to their characteristics as touristic products, and finally providing financial profit to local people. In the study, folkloric dolls are intended to be introduced as new cultural products produced in various regions of Turkey. Folkloric costumes, which are one of the most glamorous parts of Turkish culture, are the most significant tangible products that provide insights into Anatolian culture, lifestyle, social status and art. However, nowadays, original examples of these traditional costumes that are worn for folk dances and bridal showers (henna nights), along with those worn by a certain age group in some villages gradually disappear. Researchers and ethnographic museums should shoulder the responsibility to protect them. Moreover, it is vital to familiarize next generations with traditional costumes and make them popular among next generations by means of creating new areas of usage. Folkloric dolls constitute a good example for the aforementioned areas of usage. The main reason for this is that they have a significant role in bridging the gap between the past and the future, contributing to cultural exchange due to their characteristic as touristic products, and finally providing financial profit to local people. In the study

Özet

Folklorik kıyafetli yapma bebekler, el yapımı ya da hazır plastik bebeklere geleneksel giysilerin giydirilmesi ile oluşturulan kültür ürünleridir. Türkiye'de yerel yönetimlerin desteği ya da kişisel girişimlerle farklı malzemeler kullanılarak çeşitli yöresel giysilerle giydirilen "folklorik kıyafetli yapma bebekler" yapılmaktadır. Bebeklerin kıyafetleri, Anadolu insanının giyim tarzına ait yöresel kumaşlar kullanılarak ve aslına sadık kalınarak oluşturulmaktadır. Bu bebekler yapıldıkları malzemenin veya yapıldığı yörenin adı ile adlandırılırlar. Folklorik kıyafetli yapma bebekler üzerinde Anadolu kadınının geleneksel giysileri olan göynek, şalvar, cepken, yelek, üçetek, entari, bindallı, kuşak, önlük ve bunları tamamlayan, farklılıklar gösteren başlıklar yer almaktadır. Türk kültürünün en gösterişli dallarından birisi olan Folklorik kıyafetler; Anadolu insanının kültürü, yaşayışı, sosyal durumu ve sanatı hakkında bilgi veren en önemli somut ürünlerdir. Günümüzde halk oyunlarında, kına gecelerinde ve bazı köylerde belli yaş gurubunun giydiği bu kıyafetlerin orijinal örnekleri zamanla yok olmaktadır. Bu giysilerin korunmasında etnoğrafya müzelerine ve araştırmacılara çok iş düşmektedir. Bununla birlikte kıyafetler, farklı kullanım alanları yaratılarak yeni nesile tanıtılmalı ve sevdirilmelidir. "Folklorik Kıyafetli Yapma Bebekler" söz konusu farklı kullanım alanlarına güzel bir örnektir. Zira "Folklorik Kıyafetli Yapma Bebekler"; geçmişle gelecek arasında köprü oluşturması, turistik eşya olma özelliği ile kültür alışverişine katkısı, yöre insanına ekonomik kazanç sağlaması gibi pek çok yönden önem taşımaktadır. Makalemizde Türkiye'nin çeşitli yörelerinde yeni bir kültür ürünü olarak meydana getirilen "Folklorik Kıyafetli Yapma Bebekler"in tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır. Folklorik kıyafetli kitre bebek, Türkiye'nin geleneksel bebeği Elif, Kayseri Soğanlı bebeği, Adıyaman Besi bebeği, Muğla Çomakdağ bez bebekleri, Yöresel kıyafetli taş bebekler, Ardahan Damal bebeği, Bursa Keles bebeği, Kars Kağızman bebeği ve Kastamonu Azdavay bebeği olmak üzere farklı yörelerde yapılan on bebek çeşidi ele alınmıştır