WASTE FOR THE PURPOSES OF PRODUCING ARCHITECURAL AND DECORATIVE GLASS, SURROUND THE CONCRETE EXPLOIT

ATIK CAMLARDAN CAM BETON ÜRETEREK MİMARİ VE DEKORATİF AMAÇLI OLARAK YARARLANMA

Abstract

Waste material has been always an environmental issue. Waste material collection, storage is always a cost. As a waste material glass is a raw material itself and it does not smell, taste and have a transparent appearance. For theses reasons unlike plastic or paper packaging glass packaging, application is quite common. Novadays, running out of natural resources and environmental pollution have reached critical proportions. As all kind of recycling is important, reusuge of waste glass is also important. All waste meteriaral have value and if it has taken taken into account declining raw material reserves, glass recycling can be implemented in different areas, it can be used as aggregate in concrete applications, especially in architectural and decorative purposes. In Our study three different colors and and four different amounts of waste glass are taken and researrhed effect of alkaline-silica reaction to mortar. By this way waste glass meterials have been intended regain in economy again. In decorative purposes concrete elements glass used meterial can be produced if the amount of glass used at optimum levels. İmplementation of glass used concrete on the architectural and decorative purposes will bring profit to economy, environment and will be eligiblefor visual quality Waste materials have always been a matter of environment. Collecting and storing of the waste materials have resulted in a cost. This cost is much more economical when compered with the one having emerged by the consumption of natural sources directly. Every day, our natural sources are exhausted, and recycling has a great role in decreasing the environmental pollution and for the next generations to benefit from these natural sources. As in all waste; the recycling of the glass is so important. As a waste product, the glass has a very wide range of usage area as a result of giving off no smell or taste as a raw material, having a transparent view and its cover’s not spoiling as other plastic or paper package. One of the activities that can be carried out about the usage of the glass in recycling is that the glass in used as a concrete aggregate. By this way, the practice of concrete can be done with the purpose of especially architectural and decorative. İn today’s world, as a result of single – use perceptiveness, there are so lots of waste of energy. As a result of this perceptiveness, the air pollution keeps rising, our water becomes dirty, and the life of all living creatures endangers every day because of the carbon gases spread out to the atmosphere. The waste increasing in terms of environment make the sustainable development difficult. It’s very important for development to be sustainable that the recycling activites become widespread and natural sources not be used casually. In today’s world, in developed and developing countries solid waste is among the major social, economic and environmental problems. The capacity of solid waste emerged is estimated as 200 million tons by United Nations. This capacity of solid waste is composed of glass in % 7. In Turkey, waste glass is aproximately 120.000 tons per year. Nearly 80.000 tons of this amount is used in production again. The studies in recent years on the control and check of the waste has increased (Canbaz, 2012). The glass waste which is thought as an important problem for developing and developed countries is collected either by being seperated specially in its source or by being detected from garbage dump. Most of this waste is used in glass production. Especially in big cities, some studies have bean carried to. Collect the solid waste seperately in their sources, and the studies are still going on for this aim. When we think that natural sources are limited, it should be kept in mind that these sources will be used up one day. Some countries are carrying out new methods and studies to re-use the waste sources. It is seen that the projects and studies have great effect on the added value in countries. 1. Glass Recycling in terms of ecologic and economic As so many natural as sand, sodium carbonate, lime, feldspar, and trace elements are used in the glass production process, its cost is very high. It’s much more economical to recycle the glass than to produce it. In todays world where natural sources are very limited and environmental pollution is very high, glass recycling is very important as in other sources. Glas recycling through being collected in the nature prolongs the life of storage areas, protects the natural sources decrease the cost of clearing the nature from the waste. In Turkey, glass recycling is or organized by the group of şişe cam by collecting and 6570 tons of waste glass is recycled. It’s % 12 of all the waste materials in the dustbins. The rate of glass bottle recycling is % 36 in Turkey % 64 of the waste glass can not be used again. 2. Economy savings Provided by glass recycling Seeing that the glass is produced through the melting process of sand, sodium carbonate, lime, feldspar and trace in high temperature, economy saving is so important in recycling. In addition to this, when decreasing of the damages to the environment caused by the pollution about energy and water used in the process of natural sources’ consumption and production, there are so many fields on which economy savings can be applied (Akyürek, 2014). Economy Savings provided by glass recycling  Decrease in energy consumption: % 25  Decrease in airpollution : % 20  Decrease in mine waste : % 80  Decrease in water consumption : % 50  Natural sources protected: Sand, Sodium cabonate, lime 3. The usage of glass as aggregate Aggregates are the unbroken or broken pieces in different ( burada ‘’ till ‘’ yazmış sen up to ) up to 100 mm in general and composed of the mixture of some materials as pebble, broken stone, sand (Alp, 2004). In stead of these materials used as aggregate in concrete production. Waste glass is turned in to aggregate throung being broken in to d

Özet

Atık malzemeler her zaman bir çevre sorunu olmuştur. Atık malzemelerin toplanması ve depolanması ise bir maliyeti ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu maliyet, doğal kaynakların doğrudan tüketilmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan maliyetin yanında daha ekonomik bir yapıya sahiptir. Her geçen gün doğal kaynaklarımız tükenmekte olup, bu doğal kaynaklardan gelecek kuşakların yararlanmasında ve çevre kirliliğinin azaltılmasında geri dönüşüm/kazanım önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Tüm atıkların geri kazanımın da olduğu gibi cam geri kazanımı da çok önemlidir. Atık malzemelerden olan cam, hammadde olarak koku ve tat vermemesi, şeffaf bir görünüme sahip olması, ambalajının diğer plastik ya da kâğıt ambalajlar gibi bozulmaması gibi nedenlerden dolayı, kullanım alanı oldukça yaygındır. Atık malzeme olan camın geri dönüşümde kullanımı ile ilgili yapılabilecek çalışmalardan biride camın beton agregası olarak kullanılmasıdır. Bu şekilde özellikle mimari ve dekoratif amaçlı beton uygulamaları yapılabilir. Araştırmamızda üç farklı renkte ve dört farklı miktarda atık camla harç üretilerek alkali-silika reaksiyonuna camların etkisi araştırılmış ve atık camların ekonomiye tekrar kazandırılabilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Atık cam agregaların tane boyutu ve miktarının alkali-silika reaksiyonuna etkisinin çok önemli olduğu ve bu oranların değişmesinin camlı beton üzerinde genleşmelere neden olduğu görülmüştür. Dekoratif amaçlarla üretilen camlı beton elemanlarda cam miktarı ve tane boyutunun optimum düzeyde tutulması durumunda, üretimler yapılabileceği görülmüştür. Camın, betonda önlemler alınarak mimari ve dekoratif amaçlı olarak kullanılması hem ekonomi, hem de çevre görselliği bakımından uygun olacaktır