AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ORIENTATION: USAGE OF COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHICAL SCANNING AND RELATED ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES IN ORGANOLOGY STUDIES

MULTİDİSİPLİNER BİR YAKLAŞIM: BİLGİSAYARLI TOMOGRAFİK TARAMA ve İLİŞKİLİ İNCELEME TEKNİKLERİNİN ÇALGI BİLİM ÇALIŞMALARINDA KULLANIMI

Abstract

This article aims on analysing the computed tomography scanning technology and certain related analysis techniques applied in the field of organology next to paleoradiology which was initially developed with its use on human body in the world of medicine but later became a special field of research on the examination of the anthropological or paleontological materials presenting examples from the studies abroad. 17 organology studies performed with the above-mentioned technique were scanned, the studies called Strad 3D and The Girolamo Amati Viola in the Galleria Estense were bought and the rest were reached by the browsing the web-sites where they were shared between the dates 20.11.2015-10.12.2015. The review presented in this article doesn’t intent to contain all of the studies performed up until today. However, all the studies published in English were included and departing from the common point where computed tomography technique was used in the process of all the researches, these works were examined in terms of the question of “which information” was tried to be obtained by the general use of this technique and the related analysis methods in the field of organology. In addition to this, the two sub-titles presented as “comparative works” and “inventory works” have a different quality compared to the other subtitles with their potential to answer the questions “how the information obtained from computed tomography and related analysis methods” and “what kind of contribution does this information provide for the field of organology?” This article aims on analysing the computerized tomography scanning technology and certain related analysis techniques applied in the field of organology next to paleoradiology which was initially developed with its use on human body in the world of medicine but later became a special field of research on the examination of the anthropological or paleontological materials presenting examples from the studies abroad. 17 organology studies performed with the abovementioned technique were scanned, the studies called Strad 3D and The Girolamo Amati Viola in the Galleria Estense were bought and the rest were reached by the browsing the web-sites where they were shared between the dates 20.11.2015-10.12.2015. The review presented in this article doesn’t intent to contain all of the studies performed up until today. However, all the studies published in English were included and departing from the common point where computerized tomography technique was used in the process of all the researches, these works were examined in terms of the question of “which information” was tried to be obtained by the general use of this technique and the related analysis methods in the field of organology. In addition to this, the two sub-titles presented as “comparative works” and “inventory works” have a different quality compared to the other subtitles with their potential to answer the questions “how the information obtained from computerized tomography and related analysis methods” and “what kind of contribution does this information provide for the field of organology?”. In the article, the Turkish equivalents “önel”, “yanal” and “eksenel” were preferred to use instead of the foreign terms of “coronal”, “sagittal” and “axial” referring to the screening planes of the results obtained through the computerized tomographic scanning device. As the result of the research a similarity was seen between the use of the computerized tomography on human body and on the instruments in terms of general topics. The fact that the image creates results dependent on the energy absorption amount and physical qualities of the scanned is the main reason of this situation whether the scanned is an animate or inanimate object. The CT hardware consists of an X-ray tube positioned correlatively around the area where the table that the scanned object is placed on moves and a sensor system identifying the X-rays reaching to it by passing the scanned object. As a practical description, the difference between the X-ray energy amount sent for the scan and the energy amount reaching the sensor after passing through the scanned object indicates the energy amount absorbed by the scanned object, thus its density information. Various human body contents like water, blood, soft tissue and bone that differ in terms of density values form digital cross-sectional images coded with shades of grey specific to their unique features between the maximum and minimum density levels assigned for water and air. Thus they get their equivalents on the Hounsfield scale. Similarly, the varying density levels of the materials like wood or glue that are used in instrument making change the energy absorption amount and make them visible and searchable together with their qualities that enable to make comparisons with each other just like the human body parts. The facts that the image is obtained “in a very short time” and “without any interference to the current structure” of the scanned object are the qualities that make the computerized tomography technology important in term of restoration and inventory works. These two features are the most important factors having a role in the so-called technology and the related analysis methods’ becoming widespread whether in medical use or in the scanning of the objects with culturally and economically high values. Another feature that makes computerized tomography advantaged in comparison to the classical Xray analysis and wide-spreading is the fact that this technology allows to get non-overlapping cross-sectional images easily. The cross-sectional images obtained from three planes called “önel”, “yanal” and “eksenel” with the Turkish equivalents used in this article made it possible to analyse the old artefacts with high cultural and economic values and to obtain “new” data apart from the medical use. It is seen that this valuable contribution isn’t ignored in terms of the organ

Özet

Bu makale öncelikle tıp dünyasında insan bedeni üzerindeki kullanımıyla ortaya çıkan ancak daha sonra antropolojik ya da paleontolojik materyalleri incelemeye ilişkin özel bir çalışma alanı haline gelen paleoradyoloji ile bilgisayarlı tomografik tarama teknolojisini ve söz konusu teknoloji ile bağlantılı şekilde çalgı bilim alanında uygulanmakta olan belirli analiz tekniklerini yurt dışı çalışmalardan örnekler sunarak incelenmeyi konu almaktadır. İnceleme kapsamında adı geçen tekniğin kullanımı aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen 17 adet çalgı bilim çalışması taranmış, söz konusu çalışmalardan proje ismi Strad 3D ve yayın ismi The Girolamo Amati Viola in the Galleria Estense olan ikisine satın alma yolu ile, diğerlerine ise hali hazırda paylaşıma sunulmuş olan internet siteleri üzerinden 20.11.2015-10.12.2015 tarihleri arasında yapılan taramalarla ulaşılmıştır. Makalenin sunduğu incelemenin, söz konusu alanda günümüze kadar ortaya konmuş olan tüm çalışmaları içermek gibi bir hedefi yoktur. Ancak yayın dili İngilizce olan araştırmaların tümü çalışma kapsamına alınmış ve araştırma sürecinde bilgisayarlı tomografi tekniğinin kullanılmış olması gibi ortak bir noktadan hareketle söz konusu yayınlar, bu teknik ve ilişkili tetkik yöntemlerinin çalgı bilim alanındaki genel kullanımında "hangi bilginin" elde edilmesine hizmet ettiğine ilişkin bir soru çerçevesinde incelemeye alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte "karşılaştırma çalışmaları" ve "envanter çalışmaları" şeklinde sunulan iki alt başlık, bilgisayarlı tomografi taraması ve ilişkili inceleme yöntemleri ile elde edilen bilgiden nasıl yararlanıldığı ya da bu bilgi sayesinde çalgı bilim alanına "nasıl" bir katkı sağlandığı sorularını cevaplama yönü ile diğer alt başlıklara göre farklı bir nitelik taşımaktadır