LITERARY CONTENT IN THE JOURNAL OF EL-MEDÂRİS

Abstract

The numbers of newspapers and journals, published on the Ottoman land in declared second constitutionalism, were increased. Intellectuals, bureaucrats and litterateurs adopting various ideologies used periodicals of this period to express their thoughts. Islamism was the most influential stream of thhought at that time. Journal of elMedâris, is among Islamic journals like Sırât-ı Müstakim, Sadâ-yı Hak, Mahfil, Beyânü’l-Hak, Cerîde-i Sûfiye, Cerîde-i İlmiyye , Cihan-ı İslam. elMedâris, is a nineteen volumes of journal which was owned, edited and published by Şehsuvarzâde Mehmet Behçet(Perim) in 1913. Among the journals those belong to the period of Second Constitution (2ndMeşrutiyet), el-Medâris comes forwardin regard to having literaryreligious qualifications, comprising various literary genres, and mentioning its contemporary social, cultural, political and military issues in literary works. Due to the aforementioned specifications of the journal, in this study periodical activities throughout the years of Second Constitution will be mentioned and the place of el-Medâris amongst these periodicals will be put forward. Literary content of the journal will be explained through samples of poem, prosaic poem, story, article, essay, review and prose serials. At the additional section of the article, content will be inventoried by using a table showing information on issue, page, date, writer, title, genre and explanation In 1908, together with the declaration of Constitutional Monarchy II, many journals and newspapers were published. These periodicals become the voice of people clustered around various ideologies. Islamist journals, which favor a traditionalism and being led by Sırât-ı Müstakîm during the Constitutional Monarchy II period, İctihâd ve Bilgi Mecmuası which advocates positivism, journals which favor Turkish nationalism in the Türk Yurdu line, İştirak which is dominated by socialist ideas, Felsefe journal which stands out with modernist and materialist views are the reflections of idea movements in the magazines. Islamism is the most effective and the most broad-minded idea of the Constitutional Monarchy period. Advocates of this movement carry their speeches from the stages of politics to the mosque minbars and from here on to the columns of the periodicals in order to prove that Islam does not impede progress. Besides Sırât-ı Müstakîm, Sadâ-yı Hak, Mahfil, Beyân al-Hak, Cerîde-i Sûfiye, Ceride-i Ilmiye, Cihan-i Islâm, el-Medâris are the first ones to come to mind on the Islamist line. El-Medâris, which is among these journals, defines itself as a religious, scholarly, literary, social, and philosophical journals. The journal, which means literally “medrese”, has the purpose of serving the interests of the students at the Islamic medrese. el-Medâris is a journal with an Islamic line, but it also includes the works of the litterateurs belonging to different ideologies. In the texts on the agenda, personal, religious, political-military, social events are added to the religious contents of the literary texts while emphasizing more religious matters. On the one hand, there are artifacts that have touched the old, and on the other side, literary genres which turn their faces to the new found a place among the pages of the journal. So much so that, in the issue titled as "small story" (“küçük hikaye”), we can see“menakbnâme” has its place in the issue. In one issue, the work of Tevfik Fikret, in the other issue the work of Mehmet Akif is presented. While reading a Persian “na'at” and its translations in one issue, it turns out that a translation of a poem by Viktor Hugo is encountered in another issue. El-Medâris makes it necessary for us to study this structure which suddenly penetrates into the literary conception of the age. The study will attempt to discuss the literary panorama of 1913 through the el-Medaris example. For this purpose, the literary material in the journal is shown with a table at the end of the article, and the traces of the said polyphony and the search in literary genres are followed. There are 46 poems, 2 proses, 3 stories, 2 articles, 3 essays and 1 critic text in el-Medâris journal. To be understood, the literary content of the journal is based on poetry. 46 poems are published in el-Medâris pages. Thirty-two of them are in Turkish, thirteen in Persian and one in Arabic. Turkish poems published in the magazine generally have religious, personal, military and social content. As seen in the table at the end of our work, poems were also tried to be classified in terms of verse forms. The religious content poems are about praying to Allah, praising the Prophet, advocating Islam, introducing the features of the Ramadan. In social content poems, the feeling of compassion and death are dominant. In the case of personal content poetry, there is a tendency towards nature. Political poems are related to the state of the Ottoman State at the time. The liberation of Edirne from enemy occupation has been the subject of many poetry. In the el-Medâris journal, there are two prose examples with a "poem" note on it. These works, which we have described as prose poetry, deals with the issues of the country, in parallel with theloss of the Ottoman State landsduring the Constitutional Monarchy II, together with the elements of nature. There are three stories in el-Medâris. Two of them tell the story of veil, one tells the village life and indirectly the concept of military. The three stories we have studied include people around a technically simple case. The stories titled “İki Arşın Bir Çarşaf”, “Tesettür-i Nisvân Aleyhinde..,” does not include time, space descriptions and analysis of individuals. In the story of “Soluk Yapraklar”, a detailed village depiction is included. In three stories, individuals show type-specific features. The bride and mother-in-law, especially in the "Two Archines, a Bed Sheet", are examples of opposite characters of a contemporary modernist and a t

Özet

II. Meşrutiyetin ilanı ile birlikte Osmanlı coğrafyasında yayınlanan gazete ve dergi sayısında artış görülür. Bu dönemin süreli yayınları çeşitli ideolojileri benimsemiş aydın, bürokrat ve ediplerin düşüncelerini ifade etmeleri için araç olmuştur. Dönemin en etkin fikir akımı İslamcılıktır. el-Medâris dergisi, Sırât-ı Müstakîm, Sadâ-yı Hak, Mahfil, Beyânü'l-Hak, Cerîde-i Sûfiye, Cerîde-i İlmiyye ve Cihân-ı İslâm gibi İslamcı dergiler arasında gösterilmektedir. el-Medâris, Şehsuvarzâde Mehmet Behçet [Perim]'in sahibi ve başyazarı olduğu, 1913'te yayımlanmış 19 sayıdan müteşekkil bir dergidir. Derginin ilk sayısı 8 Cemâziye'l-âhir 1331 [2 Mayıs 1329]; son sayısı 1 Zilka'de 1331[19 Eylül 1329] tarihlerini taşır. II. Meşrutiyet dönemi dergilerinden olan el-Medâris, yayın hayatının kısalığına rağmen; dinî-edebî vasıfları haiz olması, farklı edebî türleri ihtiva etmesi, devrin siyasî, sosyal, kültürel ve askerî meselelerini edebî eserlerde konu etmesi bakımından dikkat çekicidir. Ayrıca kendisini dinî bir dergi olarak tanımlayan el-Medâris, devrin farklı ideolojilerine mensup ediplerin eserlerinden de örnekler sunar. Bu çalışmada, II. Meşrutiyet döneminin süreli yayın faaliyetlerine değinilecek, bahsettiğimiz özelliklerine binaen el-Medâris dergisinin bu yayınlar arasındaki yeri ortaya konulacaktır. Derginin edebî muhtevası şiir, mensur şiir, hikâye, makale, deneme, tenkit ve nesir tefrikası örnekleri üzerinden açıklanacaktır. Makalenin sonunda yer alan ek bölümünde ise sayı, sayfa, tarih, yazar, başlık, tür ve açıklama bilgilerini gösteren bir tablo ile muhteva dökümü yapılacaktır