PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF CHINESE LANGUAGE IN TURCOLOGY STUDIES

Abstract

Place and importance of Chinese language in turcologystudies are indisputable Turks and Chinese had ben livedin same geographya long centuries. Still there are 8 turkic etnic groups are living in People’s Republic of China. Both communities had been effected from their cultures because of living together and sharing same geography. In the process of time common quatations had been formed in both two languages. Place and importance of Chinese language in turcology studies are indisputable. Specially in researchs about ancient Turkhistory Chinese language has huge importance. Turks realized settlements by Chinese language as they didn’t recognize writing. As Prof. Dr. Bahaeddin Ögel remarked in his book named ‘History of Great Hun Empire’ we begin to ancient Turk history by Huns (Xiongnu). Huns are specified in Chinese history book as ‘Hu’. This name began to be seen in history books belong to Warring States Period (475 B.C-221 B.C). Huns had been realized settlements by Chinese language because of lack of writing. Because of this Chinese historical records and Chinese language have bir importance for turcology studies. Importance of Sinology department is indusputable in turcology studies. Atatürk noticed importance of Sinology in turcology works years ago and asked to establish Sinology Department. Everywhere in the world turcologists who wish a comprehensivere search should master Chinese language. Turkic World is nor a state, nor a country, neither a region which has definition boundries. But communities speaking Turkic language in the world have boundrieson the map. Turkic languages are been speaking in a large geography from Bosnia to Chinese Great Wall, from Middle of Irfan to Arctic Ocean which creates a large lane between 35th and 55th latitude. This lane has Theresa main region: In the west a narrow region whichconsists Anatolia, North Iran and Upper Caucasus; large region in the east of Caspian Sea and West Turkistan and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China. Todaythere are eight Turkic nationalities dispersed in provinces of People’s Republic of China specially in Xingiang Uighur Autonomous Region. These Turkic nationalities are speaking their languages and use Chinese as offical language. These nationalities had been living and are living in same geographya long centuries. In Chinese language and languages of these nationalities there are many common quatations. Importance of Chinese language is indisputable for turcology studies worldwide Place and importance of Chinese language in turcology studies are indisputable Turks and Chinese had ben livedin same geographya long centuries. Stillthere are 8 turkic etnic groups are living in People’s Republic of China. Both communities had been effected from their cultures because of living together and sharing same geography. In the processof time common quatations had been formed in both two languages. Place and importance of Chinese language in turcology studies are indisputable. Specially in researchs about ancient Turkhistory Chinese language has huge importance. Turks realized settlements by Chinese language as they didn’t recognize writing. As Prof. Dr. Bahaeddin Ögel remarked in his book named ‘History of Great Hun Empire’ we begin to ancient Turk history by Huns (Xiongnu). Huns are specified in Chinese history book as ‘Hu’. This name began to be seen in history books belong to Warring States Period (475 B.C-221 B.C). Huns had been realized settlements by Chinese language because of lack of writing. Because of this Chinese historical records and Chinese language have bir importance for turcology studies. Everywhere in the world aturcologist should master to Chinese language. In China writing had been createdaround 1500s B.C. The oldestwrittenrecords are ‘FortuneInscriptions’ of Shang Dynasty (1450 B.C-1050 B.C). These where short inscriptionsen rolled on tortoiseshells or bones of cattles. Chronicles have big importance in China. As if we think literature French literature comes to our mind, if we thinkcronicles Chinese come to our mind. Chinese had been recorded events day by day. Because of this Chinese records are veryimportant for Turkichistory. Books named as 24 History (Ershısı Shı : 二十四史), (It was remarked as 25 History or 26 insomerecords) are classics of Chinese History. These classics contains detailed informations about Chinese history and history of nationalities.24 History contains events from Yellow Empire(Huang Di-黄帝) (2550 B.C) to Mine Dynasty (1644). It consists of 3213 volumes and 40 millions Chinese characters. 24 History has been named as General History (Zheng Shı-正史) in China. At the end of Qing Dynasty(清)early of Min Guo(民国) Ke Shao Min( 柯劭忞) wrote New YuanHistory ( Xin Yuan Shı -新元史). Atatürk who had attached big importance to researchs od Turkic history asked to open sinology department in Language and History Geography Faculty established in 1935 to research of Turkic history and culture independently by Turkish researchers by using Chinese sources. Sinology Department is among 16 departments which were established in first phase. Language and History Geography Faculty began to education at 9th January of 1936. First teacher of Sinolgy Department was Van Gabain who escaped from Hitler regime in Germany. Prof. Dr. Hasanrefers herin his article which title is ‘Annemarie Van Gabain’: Annemarie Von Gabain (1901-1993) : She has valuable studies and publications on Turkic science and specially on ancient Turks and their languages. She borned in Mörchingen at 4th July of 1901. She was asistant of Otto Franke who was famous Sinologistin Berlin University. She tok lessons from William Bang who was turcologist. Van Gabain had been studied on old Turkish and Uighur language. Gabain had been worked as professor in Sinology Department of Language and History and Geography Faculty in Ankara between 1935 and 1937.After she left Ankara had been worked on education of Turkish language in Berlin University till the

Özet

Türkoloji Çalışmalarında Çincenin yeri ve Önemi tartışılamaz. Yüzyıllar yaşamışlardır.Halen Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti sınırları içerisinde yaşamakla olan 8 Türk milliyeti bulunmaktadır. İki toplumda zaman içerisinde, birlikte yaşamaktan, ortak coğrafyatı paylaşmaktan dolayı, birbirlerinin kültürlerinden etkilenmişlerdir. kadar olan geniş bir coğrafyada konuşulmaktadır.35 ve 55. enlemler arasında bulunan uzun bir şerit merkezi oluşturmaktadır. Bu şerit üç ana bölgeye ayrılmaktadır: batıda, Anadolu, Kuzey İran ve Yukarı Kafkasyayı içine alan, dar bir bölüm, Hazar Denizi'nin doğusunda yer alan geniş bölüm ve Batı Türkistan ile Çin'de bulunan Xinjiang Uygur Özerk Bölgesi. Günümüzde Çin Halk Cumhuriyetinde, Xinjiang Uygur Özerk Bölgesi başta olmak üzere, Çin'in birçok eyaletinde dağınık şekilde yaşamakta olan 8 Türk milliyeti bulunmaktadır. Bu Türk milliyetleri Çin'de kendi dillerini konuşmakla birlikte resmi dil olarak Çinceyi kullanmaktadırlar. Bu milliyetler yüzyıllarca aynı coğrafyada yaşamışlar ve yaşamaktadırlar. Çin dilinde ve tabi olarak bu milliyetlerin dillerinde de çok sayıda alıntı kelimeler bulunmaktadır. Tüm dünyadaki, Turkoloji çalışmalarında Çincenin önemi tartışılamaz