Journals / İş ve İnsan Dergisi / 2023 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Does Workplace Friendship Influence Organizational Identification? The Mediator Role of Positive Affectivity

İşyeri Arkadaşlığı Örgütsel Özdeşleşmeyi Etkiler Mi? Olumlu Duyguların Aracı Rolü

Esra Çınar(Atılım Üniversitesi)0000-0002-2319-8668
Pages
157–169
Publication Date
2023-10-20
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Finally, positive affectivity was found to partially mediate the relationship between workplace friendship and organizational identification.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study aimed to investigate the mediator effect of positive affectivity on the relationship between workplace friendship and organizational identification within the framework of the broaden-and-built theory.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this context, data were collected from 205 people working in different sectors such as education, health, and information technologies, and the hypotheses of the research were tested.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Finally, positive affectivity was found to partially mediate the relationship between workplace friendship and organizational identification.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2013 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Genişleme ve İnşa Kuramı · Kişilerarası İlişkiler · Örgütsel Özdeşleşme

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the mediator effect of positive affectivity on the relationship between workplace friendship and organizational identification within the framework of the broaden-and-built theory. In this context, data were collected from 205 people working in different sectors such as education, health, and information technologies, and the hypotheses of the research were tested. The relationships between the variables were examined by correlation and hierarchical regression analysis. Hayes's (2013) PROCESS macro program was used for the mediation test in the research. The findings showed that workplace friendship significantly and positively predicts organizational identification. In addition, a positive relationship has been found between positive affectivity and workplace friendship and organizational identification. Finally, positive affectivity was found to partially mediate the relationship between workplace friendship and organizational identification.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, işyeri arkadaşlığı ile örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkide olumlu duyguların aracı etkisinin genişleme ve inşa kuramı çerçevesinde araştırılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda eğitim, sağlık ve bilgi teknolojileri gibi farklı sektörlerde çalışan 205 kişiden veri toplanarak araştırmanın hipotezleri test edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmada aracılık testi için Hayes'in (2013) PROCESS makro programı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, işyeri arkadaşlığının örgütsel özdeşleşmeyi anlamlı ve olumlu bir şekilde yordadığını göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, olumlu duygular ile işyeri arkadaşlığı ve örgütsel özdeşleşme arasında olumlu bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur. Son olarak, işyeri arkadaşlığı ile örgütsel özdeşleşme arasındaki ilişkide olumlu duyguların kısmi aracı etkisi bulunmuştur.

🔖

Cite This Article

Çınar, E. (2023). Does Workplace Friendship Influence Organizational Identification? The Mediator Role of Positive Affectivity. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 157–169. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.1350642

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (78)

  1. Abugre, J. B. (2017). Relations at workplace, cynicism, and intention to leave: A proposed conceptual framework for organizations. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(2), 198-216. doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2016-1068
  2. Abrams, D. & Hogg, M. A. (1990). Social identification, self-categorization, and social influence. European Review of Social Psychology, 1(1), 195-228. doi.org/10.1080/14792779108401862
  3. Aguirre-Urreta, M. I. & Hu, J. (2019). Detecting common method bias: Performance of the Harman's single-factor test. ACM SIGMIS Database: The DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 50(2), 45-70. doi.org/10.1145/3330472.3330477
  4. Ahmad, R., Ishaq, M. I. & Raza, A. (2023). The blessing or curse of workplace friendship: Mediating role of organizational identification and moderating role of political skills. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103359
  5. Alparslan, A. M., Çicek, H. & Soydemir, S. (2015). Birey- Örgüt uyumunu güçlendiren öncül: İşyeri arkadaşlığı. Akdeniz İİBF Dergisi, 15(32), 175-194.
  6. Ashforth, B. E. & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 20-39. doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4278999
  7. Bartels, J., Van Vuuren, M. & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (2019). My colleagues are my friends: The role of Facebook contacts in employee identification. Management Communication Quarterly, 33(3), 307-328. doi/10.1177/0893318919837944
  8. Barsade, S.G. & Gibson, D.E. (2007). Why does affect matter in organizations? Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 36-59. doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.24286163
  9. Berman, E. M. West, J. P., & Richter, Jr, M. N. (2002). Workplace relations: Friendship patterns and consequences (according to managers). Public Administration Review, 62(2), 217-230. doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00172
  10. Broch, C., Lurati, F., Zamparini, A. & Mariconda, S. (2018). The role of social capital for organizational identification: Implications for strategic communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(1), 46-66. doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2017.1392310
  11. Brief, A. P. & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279–307.
  12. Brown, M. E. (1969). Identification and some conditions of organizational involvement. Administrative Science Quarterly, 346-355. doi.org/10.2307/2391129
  13. Burch, A. (2018). Workplace friendship, privacy management, and identity negotiation: An exploratory qualitative analysis (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Nebraska, Omaha.
  14. Büyükyılmaz, O., & Biçer, C. (2018). İşyeri arkadaşlığının işten ayrılma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinde işe bağlılığın aracılık rolü. Social Sciences, 13(2), 28-41.
  15. Change, S., Witteloostuijn, A. V. & Eden, L. (2010). From the editors: Common method variance in international research. Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 178-184.
  16. Dietz, L. & Fasbender, U. (2022). Age-diverse workplace friendship: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future research. Work, Aging and Retirement, 8(2), 163-197. doi.org/10.1093/workar/waab028
  17. Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M. & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 239-263. doi.org/10.2307/2393235
  18. Folkman, S. & Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Positive affect and the other side of coping. American Psychologist, 55(6), 647-654. doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.647
  19. Forgas, J. P. & George, J. M. (2001). Affective influences on judgments and behavior in organizations: An information processing perspective. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 1, 3–34. doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2971
  20. Galanakis, M., Galanopoulou, F. & Stalikas, A. (2011). Do positive emotions help us cope with occupational stress? Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 7 (2), 221-240. doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v7i2.127
  21. Gilmore, P. L., Hu, X., We F., Tetrick, L. E. & Zaccaro, S. J. (2013). Positive affectivity neutralizes transformational leadership’s influence on creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34, 1061–1075. doi.org/10.1002/job.1833
  22. George, M.J. & Brief, A. P. (1992). Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at work-organizational spontaneity relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112(2), 310-329. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.310
  23. Guohao, L., Pervaiz, S. & Qi, H. (2021). Workplace friendship is a blessing in the exploration of supervisor behavioral integrity, affective commitment, and employee proactive behavior–An empirical research from service industries of Pakistan. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 1447-1459.
  24. Haslam, S. A., Reicher, S. D. & Reynolds, K. J. (2012). Identity, influence, and change: Rediscovering John Turner's vision for social psychology. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51(2), 201-218. doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02091.x
  25. Hekman, D. R., Bigley, G. A., Steensma, H. K. & Hereford, J. F. (2009). Combined effects of organizational and professional identification on the reciprocity dynamic for professional employees. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 506–526. doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.41330897
  26. Hogg, M. A., Hardie, E. A. & Reynolds, K. J. (1995). Prototypical similarity, self‐categorization, and depersonalized attraction: A perspective on group cohesiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25(2), 159-177. doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420250204
  27. Hill, E. T., Matta, F. K. & Mitchell, M. S. (2021). Seeing the glass as half full or half empty: The role of affect-induced optimistic and pessimistic states on justice perceptions and outcomes. Academy of Management Journal, 64 (4), 1265–1287. doi.org/10.5465/amj.2018.1282
  28. Huang, S. P. (2016). A study on the effects of emotional intelligence and workplace friendship on job satisfaction and performance of employees in micro-enterprises. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 19(3), 567-583. doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2016.1196050
  29. Jakobsen, M. & Jensen, R. (2015). Common method bias in public management studies. International Public Management Journal, 18(1), 3-30. doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2014.997906
  30. Jones C. & Volpe E. H. (2011) Organizational identification: Extending our understanding of social identities through social networks. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(3), 413–434. doi.org/10.1002/job.694
  31. Kanten, P., Pazarcık, Y., Kanten, S. & Durmaz, M. G. (2020). İşyeri arkadaşlığının prososyal kural ihlali davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde affetme ikliminin rolü. Turizm Akademik Dergisi-Tourism Academic Journal, 7(2), 241-254.
  32. Karanika-Murray, M., Duncan, N., Pontes, H. M. & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Organizational identification, work engagement, and job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(8), 1019-1033. doi.org/10.1108/JMP-11-2013-0359
  33. Kelman, H. C. (2006). Interests, relationships, identities: Three central issues for individuals and groups in negotiating their social environment. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 1-26. doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190156
  34. Kim, N. Y. & Oh, H. (2023). The effects of workplace friendship network centrality on deep acting. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1162086. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1162086
  35. Kline, T. J., Sulsky, L. M. & Rever-Moriyama, S. D. (2000). Common method variance and specification errors: A practical approach to detection. The Journal of Psychology, 134(4), 401-421. doi.org/10.1080/00223980009598225
  36. Kram, K. E. & Isabella, L. A. (1985). Mentoring alternatives: The role of peer relationships in career development. Academy of Management Journal, 28(1), 110-132. doi.org/10.5465/256064
  37. Lee, H. E. (2005). Exploration of the relationship between friendship at work and job satisfaction: An application of balance theory (Master Thesis). Michigan State University, Michigan.
  38. Lee, K. & Allen, N. J. (2022). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: The role of effect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (1), 131–142. doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.131
  39. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. & Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
  40. Mael, F. & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103-123. doi.org/10.1002/job.4030130202
  41. Mao, H. Y., Hsieh, A. T. & Chen, C. Y. (2012). The relationship between workplace friendship and perceived job significance. Journal of Management & Organization, 18(2), 247-262. doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.2.247
  42. McGuire, G. M. (2007). Intimate work: A typology of the social support that workers provide to their network members. Work and Occupations, 34(2), 125-147. doi/10.1177/0730888406297313
  43. Morrison, R. L. & Nolan, T. (2007). Too much of a good thing?: Difficulties with workplace friendships. University of Auckland Business Review, 9(2).
  44. Mostafa, A. M. S. (2017). High-performance HR practices, positive affect, and employee outcomes, Journal of Managerial Psychology, 32(2), 163-176. doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06-2016-0177
  45. Nielsen, I. K., Jex, S. M. & Adams, G. A. 2000. Development and validation of scores on a two-dimensional workplace friendship scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 60(4), 628-643. doi.org/10.1177/00131640021970655
  46. Pillemer, J. & Rothbard, N. P. (2018). Friends without benefits: Understanding the dark sides of workplace friendship. Academy of Management Review, 43(4), 635-660. doi.org/10.5465/amr.2016.0309
  47. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y. & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879. doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  48. Potgieter, I., Ferreira, N. & Coetzee, M. (2019). Perceptions of sacrifice, workplace friendship, and career concerns as explanatory mechanisms of employees’ organizational commitment. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 17(1), 1-9.
  49. Pratt, M. G. (1998). Central questions in organizational identification. Identity in Organizations, 24(3), 171-207.
  50. Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C. & Cunha, M. P. E. (2012a). Optimism predicting employees’ creativity: The mediating role of positive affect and the positivity ratio. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(2), 244–270. doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2010.550679
  51. Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C. & Cunha, M. P. E. (2012b). Retail employees' self-efficacy and hope to predict their positive affect and creativity. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(6), 923-945. doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2011.610891
  52. Rhee, M., Yang, D. & Yoo, T. (2013). National culture and friendship homophily in the multinational workplace. Asian Business & Management, 12, 299-320.
  53. Richter, A., Van Dick, R. & West, M.A. (2004). The relationship between group and organizational identification and effective intergroup relations. Academy of Management Proceedings, E1-E6. doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2004.13862786
  54. Şahinbaş, F & Erigüç, G. (2019). Pozitif örgütsel davranış yaklaşımıyla işyeri arkadaşlığı ve işe adanma ilişkisi: Sağlık çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 15(4), 1201-1225.
  55. Serrano Archimi, C., Reynaud, E., Yasin, H. M. & Bhatti, Z. A. (2018). How perceived corporate social responsibility affects employee cynicism: The mediating role of organizational trust. Journal of Business Ethics, 151, 907-921. doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-3882-6
  56. Sias, P.M., Heath, R.G., Perry, T. & Silva, B. (2004). Narratives of workplace friendship deterioration. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(3), 321-340. doi.org/10.1177/0265407504042835
  57. Sias, P. M., Drzewiecka, J. A., Meares, M., Bent, R., Konomi, Y., Ortega, M. & White, C. (2008). Intercultural friendship development. Communication Reports, 21(1), 1-13. doi.org/10.1080/08934210701643750
  58. Simbula, S., Margheritti, S. & Avanzi, L. (2023). Building work engagement in organizations: A longitudinal study combining social exchange and social identity theories, Behavioral Sciences, 13(2), 83. doi.org/10.3390/bs13020083
  59. Song, S. H. (2006). Workplace friendship and employees’ productivity: LMX theory and the case of the Seoul city government. International Review of Public Administration, 11(1), 47-58. doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2006.10805077
  60. Stets, J. E. & Burke, P. J. (2000). Identity theory and social identity theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 224-237. doi.org/10.2307/2695870
  61. Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups. London: Academic Press.
  62. Tak, B. & Aydemir, B. A., (2004). Örgütsel özdeşleşme üzerine iki görgül çalışma, 12. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi 27-29 Mayıs, Uludağ Üniversitesi- Bursa
  63. Tehseen, S., Ramayah, T., & Sajilan, S. (2017). Testing and controlling for common method variance: A review of available methods. Journal of Management Sciences, 4(2), 142-168. doi: 10.20547/jms.2014.1704202
  64. Tyler, T. R. & Blader, S. L. (2003). The group engagement model: Procedural justice, social identity, and cooperative behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7(4), 349-361. doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0704_07
  65. Ting, S. C. & Ho, M. H. (2017). The influence of workplace friendship, job involvement, and organizational identification on job performance: administrative staffs of private science and technology universities in south Taiwan as an example. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 9(6), 46-57.
  66. Tropp, L. R. & Wright, S. C. (2001). Ingroup identification is the inclusion of ingroup in the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(5), 585-600. doi.org/10.1177/0146167201275007
  67. Uluçay, E. & Zengin, Y. (2020). İşyeri arkadaşlığı ve işgören performansı arasındaki ilişki: Bir Araştırma. Turkish Business Journal, 1(1), 29-50.
  68. Van Dick, R., Wagner, U., Stellmacher, J., Christ, O. & Tissington, P. A. (2005). To be (long) or not to be (long): Social identification in organizational contexts. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 131(3), 189-218. doi.org/10.3200/MONO.131.3.189-218
  69. Van Dick, R., Grojean, M. W., Christ, O. & Wieseke, J. (2006). Identity and the extra mile: Relationships between organizational identification and organizational citizenship behavior. British Journal of Management. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2006.00520.x
  70. Vijayakumar, V. S. R. & Padma, R. N. (2014). Impact of perceived organizational culture and learning on organizational identification. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 24(1), 40-62. doi.org/10.1108/IJCoMA-01-2012-0003
  71. Waugh C. E. & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Nice to know you: Positive emotions, self–other overlap, and complex understanding in the formation of a new relationship. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 93–106. doi.org/10.1080/17439760500510569
  72. Wan‐Huggins, V. N., Riordan, C. M. & Griffeth, R. W. (1998). The development and longitudinal test of a model of organizational identification. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28(8), 724-749. doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1998.tb01728.x
  73. Watson, D., Clark, L. A. & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 540(6), 1063-1070. doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
  74. Watson, D. & Clark, L. A. (1992). On traits and temperament: General and specific factors of emotional experience and their relation to the five-factor model. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 441-476. doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00980.x
  75. Wright, P. H. (1978). Toward a theory of friendship based on the conception of self. Human Communication Research, 4, 196-207. doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1978.tb00609.x
  76. Wu, W., Zhang, H., Pirbhulal, S., Mukhopadhyay, S. C. & Zhang, Y. T. (2015). Assessment of biofeedback training for emotion management through wearable textile physiological monitoring system. IEEE Sensors Journal, 15(12), 7087-7095. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2015.2470638
  77. Zarankin, T. G. & Kunkel, D. (2019). Colleagues and friends: A theoretical framework of workplace friendship. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 19(5).
  78. George, M.J. & Brief, A. P. (1992). Feeling good-doing good: A conceptual analysis of the mood at work-organizational spontaneity relationship. Psychological Bulletin, 112(2), 310-329. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.310