SavedAdd your journal

Journals / İçtimaiyat / 2023 / Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Balkanlar

American Missionaries And The Formation of Modern Bulgarian National Consciousness

Amerikalı Misyonerler ve Modern Bulgar Ulusal Bilincinin Oluşumu

Çevirmen: Celal ÖNEY
Pages
214–228
Publication Date
2023-10-20
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Six factors are identified as significant in this process: (1) the volume of print generated, (2) the massive distribution network for print materials, (3) the pricing strategy for these materials, (4) the establishment and management of modern schools, (5) the role played by the Americans in the process of orthographic standardization of modern Bulgarian, and (6) the creation through regular periodical publications of what Benedict Anderson describes as “unbound seriality”, a necessary component in forming modern national consciousness.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Following Ernest Gellner, this paper asserts that national consciousness is a modern phenomenon which arose in response to certain structural preconditions that came together differently in different national contexts.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Furthermore, it suggests that this crystallization process is complex, involving the attainment of a tipping point at which time discrete semi-dormant processes merge into a dominant movement.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Six factors are identified as significant in this process: (1) the volume of print generated, (2) the massive distribution network for print materials, (3) the pricing strategy for these materials, (4) the establishment and management of modern schools, (5) the role played by the Americans in the process of orthographic standardization of modern Bulgarian, and (6) the creation through regular periodical publications of what Benedict Anderson describes as “unbound seriality”, a necessary component in forming modern national consciousness.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Bulgaristan · ulusal bilinç · print media

Abstract

Following Ernest Gellner, this paper asserts that national consciousness is a modern phenomenon which arose in response to certain structural preconditions that came together differently in different national contexts. Furthermore, it suggests that this crystallization process is complex, involving the attainment of a tipping point at which time discrete semi-dormant processes merge into a dominant movement. It argues that in Bulgaria, one of the most influential factors in establishing these preconditions and the final tipping point was the publishing and educational work done throughout the nineteenth century by American Protestant missionaries. Six factors are identified as significant in this process: (1) the volume of print generated, (2) the massive distribution network for print materials, (3) the pricing strategy for these materials, (4) the establishment and management of modern schools, (5) the role played by the Americans in the process of orthographic standardization of modern Bulgarian, and (6) the creation through regular periodical publications of what Benedict Anderson describes as “unbound seriality”, a necessary component in forming modern national consciousness.

Özet

Ernest Gellner’i takip eden bu makale, ulusal bilincin, farklı ulusal bağlamlarda farklı şekilde bir araya gelen belirli yapısal önkoşullara yanıt olarak ortaya çıkan modern bir olgu olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Dahası, bu kristalleşme sürecinin karmaşık bir süreç olduğunu ve farklı yarı uykuda olan süreçlerin baskın bir hareketle birleştiği bir devrilme noktasına ulaşılmasını içerdiğini öne sürmektedir. Bulgaristan’da bu ön koşulların ve nihai kırılma noktasının oluşmasında en etkili faktörlerden birinin, on dokuzuncu yüzyıl boyunca Amerikalı Protestan misyonerler tarafından yürütülen yayıncılık ve eğitim çalışmaları olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu süreçte altı faktörün önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir: (1) üretilen baskının (Print media) hacmi, (2) basılı materyaller için devasa dağıtım ağı, (3) bu malzemelerin fiyatlandırma stratejisi, (4) modern okulların kurulması ve yönetimi, (5) Modern Bulgarcanın ortografik standardizasyonu sürecinde Amerikalıların oynadığı rol ve (6) Benedict Anderson’ın modern ulusal bilincin oluşmasında gerekli bir bileşen olan “bağlantısız serilik (unbound seriality)” olarak tanımladığı şeyin düzenli periyodik yayınlar yoluyla yaratılması.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÖNEY, Ç. C. (2023). American Missionaries And The Formation of Modern Bulgarian National Consciousness. İçtimaiyat, Osmanlı'dan Günümüze Balkanlar, 214–228. https://ajindex.com/articles/967492

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (11)

  1. American Tract Society, 1836. The American Colporteur System. New York: American Tract Society. Anderson, B.R.O., 1998. The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia, and the World. London; New York: Verso. Anderson, B.R.O., 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. New Edition, London: Verso. Anderson, R., 1872. History of the Missions of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, to the Oriental Churches. Boston: Congregational Pub. Society. Auerbach, Erich. 1965. Literary Language & Its Public in Late Latin Antiquity and in the Middle Ages. Translated by Ralph Manheim. New York: Bollingen Foundation: Distributed by Pantheon Books. Bayly, C.A., 2004. The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Billig, Michael. 2014. Banal Nationalism. London: Sage. Clarke, J.F., 1968. “Protestantism and the Bulgarian Church Question in 1861,” in: McKay, D.C. (Ed.), Essays in the History of Modern Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers, pp. 79–97.
  2. Clarke, J.F., 1971.
  3. Bible Societies, American Missionaries, and the National Revival of Bulgaria. Arno Press,
  4. New York. Clarke, J.F., 1988 (1960). “Education and National Consciousness in the Balkans,” in: Hupchick, D.P. (Ed.), The Pen and the Sword: Studies in Bulgarian History. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 24–57.
  5. Clarke, J.F., 1988a. “Father Paisii and Bulgarian History,” in: Hupchick, D.P. (Ed.), The Pen and the Sword: Studies in Bulgarian History. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 87–111.
  6. Clarke, J.F., 1988b. “Konstantin Fotinov, Liuboslovie and the Smyrna Bulgarian Press,” in: Hupchick, D.P. (Ed.), The Pen and the Sword: Studies in Bulgarian History. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 321–327.
  7. Clarke, J.F., 1988c. “The 1871 Bulgarian Bible and the Macedonian Question,” in: Hupchick, D.P. (Ed.), The Pen and the Sword: Studies in Bulgarian History. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 290–302.
  8. Clarke, J.F., 1988d. “The Russian Bible Society and the Bulgarians,” in: Hupchick, D.P. (Ed.), The Pen and the Sword: Studies in Bulgarian History. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 233–270.
  9. Crosby, Ruth. 1936. “Oral Delivery in the Middle Ages.” Speculum xi (January): 88-110.
  10. Deringil, Selim. 2015. Conversion and Apostasy in the Late Ottoman Empire. London: Cambridge University Press.
  11. Fichte, J. G., 1922. Addresses to the German Nation. (R. F. Jones & G. H. Turnbull, Trans.). Chic