Journals / Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2023 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Autophagy and Cancer

Otofaji ve Kanser

Pages
155–160
Publication Date
2023-06-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, it is aimed to give information about the molecular mechanism of the macroautophagy signaling pathway, the dual role of autophagy in cancer and the treatment approaches developed against autophagy-related cancer.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Autophagy, type II programmed cell death, is a self-eating process.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Various studies have demonstrated that autophagy has a dual role as tumor suppressor in the early stage of cancer and tumor promoting in the advanced stage during tumor formation.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this review, it is aimed to give information about the molecular mechanism of the macroautophagy signaling pathway, the dual role of autophagy in cancer and the treatment approaches developed against autophagy-related cancer.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:otofaji · makrootofaji · kanser

Abstract

Autophagy, type II programmed cell death, is a self-eating process. It is an intracellular recycling process that maintains basal levels of the building blocks of biomolecules during starvation and other stress situations. Autophagy, a lysosome-mediated catabolic process, has an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The macroautophagy pathway, which is one of the autophagy types, includes the process of ingestion of the intracellular digestible material (misfolded or disrupted proteins, damaged organelles, etc.) into the autophagosome, followed by the fusion of the autophagosome with the lysosome, and the process of digestion with lysosomal activity by the stimulation of internal and external signals. The autophagy signaling pathway is regulated by products of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), additional proteins, and autophagy-related kinases. Disturbances in the autophagy mechanism are associated with various diseases, including cancer. Various studies have demonstrated that autophagy has a dual role as tumor suppressor in the early stage of cancer and tumor promoting in the advanced stage during tumor formation. Due to the complex structure of autophagy and its dual role in cancer, the full elucidation of the mechanism and the determination of what role it plays in different cancers will allow the development of effective treatments that either suppress autophagy or promote autophagy. In this review, it is aimed to give information about the molecular mechanism of the macroautophagy signaling pathway, the dual role of autophagy in cancer and the treatment approaches developed against autophagy-related cancer.

Özet

Programlanmış tip II hücre ölüm tipi olan otofaji kendi kendini yeme işlemidir. Açlık ve diğer stres durumlarında biyomoleküllerin yapı taşlarının bazal seviyelerini koruyan hücre içi bir geri dönüşüm sürecidir. Lizozom aracılı katabolik bir süreç olan otofaji hücresel homeostazın sürdürülmesinde önemli bir role sahiptir. Otofaji tiplerinden biri olan makrootofaji yolağı, iç ve dış sinyallerin uyarımı sonucunda hücre içi sindirilecek materyal (yanlış katlanmış ya da bozulmuş proteinler, hasarlı organeller, vb.) otofagozom içine alınarak, otofagozomun lizozomla birleşmesi sonucu lizozomal aktivite ile sindirilmesi sürecini içerir. Otofaji sinyal yolağı otofaji ile ilişkili genler (ATG’ler)’in ürünleri ile ilave proteinler ve otofaji ile ilişkili kinazlar tarafından düzenlenmektedir. Otofaji mekanizmasındaki bozukluklar kanserin de dahil olduğu çeşitli hastalıklarla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Tümör oluşumu sırasında otofajinin kanserin erken evresinde tümör baskılayıcı, ileri evrede ise tümörü teşvik edici ikili bir role sahip olduğu çeşitli çalışmalarla ortaya konmuştur. Otofajinin karmaşık yapısı ve kanserdeki bu ikili rolü sebebiyle mekanizmanın tam olarak aydınlatılması ve farklı kanserlerde hangi aşamada nasıl bir role sahip olduğunun belirlenmesi ya otofaji baskılayıcı ya da otofajiyi teşvik edici etkin tedavilerin geliştirilmesine olanak tanıyacaktır. Bu derlemede, makrootofaji sinyal yolağının moleküler mekanizması, otofajinin kanserdeki ikili rolü ve otofaji ile ilişkili kansere karşı geliştirilen tedavi yaklaşımları hakkında bilgiler verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

🔖

Cite This Article

TUĞRUL, B., BALCAN, E., GÜRCÜ, B. (2023). Autophagy and Cancer. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 155–160. https://ajindex.com/articles/951284

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (13)

  1. Tang, D, Kang, R, Berghe, T.V, Vandenabeele, P, Kroemer, G, The molecular machinery of regulated cell death, Cell Research, 2019, 29(5), 347-364.
  2. Zhao, Y.G, Zhang, H, Core autophagy genes and human diseases, Current Opinion Cell Biology, 2019, 61, 117-125.
  3. Rubinsztein, D.C, Frake, R.A, Yoshinori Ohsumi's Nobel Prize for mechanisms of autophagy: from basic yeast biology to therapeutic potential, The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 2016, 46(4), 228-233.
  4. Mizushima, N, Komatsu, M, Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues, Cell, 2011, 147(4), 728-741.
  5. Lemasters, J.J, Selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging, Rejuvenation Research, 2005, 8(1), 3-5.
  6. Wang, C.W, Kim, J, Huang, W.P, Abeliovich, H, Stromhaug, P.E, Dunn, W.A, Jr, Klionsky, D. J, Apg2 is a novel protein required for the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting, autophagy, and pexophagy pathways, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001, 276(32), 30442-30451.
  7. Hung, Y.H, Chen, L.M, Yang, J.Y, Yang, W.Y, Spatiotemporally controlled induction of autophagy-mediated lysosome turnover, Nature Communications, 2013, 4, 2111. Khaminets, A, Heinrich, T, Mari, M, Grumati, P, Huebner, A.K, Akutsu, M, Liebmann, L, Stolz, A, Nietzsche, S, Koch, N, Mauthe, M, Katona, I, Qualmann, B, Weis, J, Reggiori, F, Kurth, I, Hubner, C.A, Dikic, I, Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum turnover by selective autophagy, Nature, 2015, 522(7556), 354-358.
  8. An, H, Harper, J.W, Systematic analysis of ribophagy in human cells reveals bystander flux during selective autophagy, Nature Cell Biology, 2018, 20(2), 135-143.
  9. Oral, O, Akkoc, Y, Bayraktar, O, Gozuacik, D, Physiological and pathological significance of the molecular cross-talk between autophagy and apoptosis, Histology and Histopathology, 2016, 31(5), 479-498.
  10. Wileman, T, Autophagy as a defence against intracellular pathogens, Essays in Biochemistry, 2013, 55, 153-163.
  11. Huang, H, Kawamata, T, Horie, T, Tsugawa, H, Nakayama, Y, Ohsumi, Y, Fukusaki, E, Bulk RNA degradation by nitrogen starvation-induced autophagy in yeast, The EMBO Journal, 2015, 34(2), 154-168.
  12. Saha, S, Panigrahi, D.P, Patil, S, Bhutia, S.K, Autophagy in health and disease: A comprehensive review, Biomedicine & Pharmacotheraphy, 2018, 104, 485-495.
  13. Alberts, B, Heald, R, Morgan, D, Raff, M, Roberts, K, Walter, P, The Degradation and Recycling of Macromolecules in Lysosomes In: Molecular Biology of the Cell; 7t