Journals / SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2023 / Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2

ANKAFERD BLOOD STOPPER ALLEVIATES CADMIUM-INDUCED LUNG INJURY BY REDUCING MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS-RELATED APOPTOSIS VIA BAX/BCL-2 AND CYT-C/CAS-3 PATHWAYS

ANKAFERD BLOOD STOPPER BAX/BCL-2 VE CYT-C/CAS-3 YOLAKLARI ARACILIĞIYLA MİTOKONDRİYAL STRESLE İLİŞKİLİ APOPTOZU AZALTARAK KADMİYUM KAYNAKLI AKCİĞER HASARINI HAFİFLETİR

Pages
225–233
Publication Date
2023-06-22
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It was found that Cd increased inflammation by increasing TNF-α, increasing TOS and OSI, and decreasing TAS, causing an increase in oxidative stress. (p<0.05).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:As a result of environmental factors, cadmium (Cd) taken into the body causes damage to lung tissues through inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Material and Method Thirty two rats were used in the study, and they were divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group: control, Kd (2.5 mg/kg single dose ip), ABS (1.5 ml/ kg single dose ip), and Kd+ABS (Kd, 2,5 mg/kg single dose ip-ABS, 1.5 ml/kg single dose ip).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It was found that Cd increased inflammation by increasing TNF-α, increasing TOS and OSI, and decreasing TAS, causing an increase in oxidative stress. (p<0.05).
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kadmiyum · Ankaferd Blood Stopper · inflamasyon

Abstract

As a result of environmental factors, cadmium (Cd) taken into the body causes damage to lung tissues through inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), which is used as a hemostatic agent, has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiapoptotic, and wound healing properties due to five different plant extracts and components in its composition. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to investigate the curative effect of ABS on the toxicity of Cd on the lung. Material and Method Thirty two rats were used in the study, and they were divided into 4 groups, with 8 rats in each group: control, Kd (2.5 mg/kg single dose ip), ABS (1.5 ml/ kg single dose ip), and Kd+ABS (Kd, 2,5 mg/kg single dose ip-ABS, 1.5 ml/kg single dose ip). Lung tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Inflammation was evaluated immunohistochemically with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Oxidative stress was evaluated with the total oxidant level (TOS) and total antioxidant level (TAS) using the spectrophotometric method. Apoptosis was evaluated using RT-PCR with relative mRNA fold changes of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome c (Cyt c), and caspase 3 genes. Results Histopathological findings such as congestion, hemorrhage, and mononuclear cell infiltration were found to increase in the Cd group. It was found that Cd increased inflammation by increasing TNF-α, increasing TOS and OSI, and decreasing TAS, causing an increase in oxidative stress. (p<0.05). It was determined that there was a significant improvement in all these parameters after the ABS application (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, we suggested that ABS may be an alternative option to protect against Cd-induced lung toxicity, and more research should be done on this subject.

Özet

Amaç Çevresel faktörlerin bir sonucu olarak vücuda alınan kadmiyum (Kd) akciğer dokularında inflamasyon, oksidatif stres ve artan apoptozis ile hasara neden olur. Hemostatik bir ajan olarak kullanılan Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), bileşimindeki beş farklı bitki özü ve bileşeni nedeniyle antioksidan, antienflamatuar, antibakteriyel, antiapoptotik ve yara iyileştirici özelliklere sahiptir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda Kd’un akciğer üzerinde oluşturduğu toksisite üzerine ABS’nin iyileştirici etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem Çalışmada 32 rat kullanıldı ve her grupta 8 rat olmak üzere 4 gruba ayrıldı: kontrol, Kd (2,5 mg/kg tek doz ip), ABS (1,5 ml/kg tek doz ip) ve Kd+ABS (Kd, 2,5 mg/kg tek doz ip-ABS, 1,5 ml/kg tek doz ip). Akciğer dokuları histopatolojik olarak değerlendirildi. İnflamasyon, tümör nekroz faktörü-α (TNF-α) ile immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Oksidatif stres, total oksidan seviye (TOS) ve total antioksidan seviye (TAS) ile spektrofotometrik yöntem kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Apopitoz, Bcl-2 ile ilişkili X (Bax), B-hücreli lenfoma 2 (Bcl-2), Sitokrom c (Sit c) ve kaspaz 3 genlerinin rölatif mRNA kat değişimleri ile RT-PCR yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular Kd grubunda, konjesyon, hemoraji ve mononükleer hücre infiltrasyonu gibi histopatolojik bulgularda artış bulundu. Kd’un TNF-α'yı yükselterek inflamasyonu arttırdığı, TOS ve OSİ artırıp TAS'ı azaltarak oksidatif stres artışına neden olduğu ayrıca Bax, Sit c ve kaspaz 3 gen ekspresyonlarının arttırıp Bcl-2 gen ekspresyonunu azaltarak mitokondriyal stres ile ilişkili apoptozise neden olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). ABS uygulamasından sonra tüm bu parametrelerde anlamlı düzelme olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Sonuç Sonuç olarak, ABS'nin Kd kaynaklı akciğer toksisitesinden koruyucu alternatif bir seçenek olabileceği ve bu konuda daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerektiği kanısındayız.

🔖

Cite This Article

TEPEBAŞI, M. Y., SEZGİNER, P. (2023). ANKAFERD BLOOD STOPPER ALLEVIATES CADMIUM-INDUCED LUNG INJURY BY REDUCING MITOCHONDRIAL STRESS-RELATED APOPTOSIS VIA BAX/BCL-2 AND CYT-C/CAS-3 PATHWAYS. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 2, 225–233. https://ajindex.com/articles/946753

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (14)

  1. Yesildag K, Gur C, Ileriturk M, Kandemir FM. Evaluation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage and metalloproteinases in the lungs of rats treated with cadmium and carvacrol. Mol Biol Rep. 2022;49(2):1201–11
  2. Zwolak I. The role of selenium in arsenic and cadmium toxicity: an updated review of scientific literature. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;193(1):44–63
  3. Zhang Y, Xu X, Sun D, Cao J, Zhang Y, Huo X. Alteration of the number and percentage of innate immune cells in preschool children from an e-waste recycling area. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017;145:615–22
  4. Wang Y, Wu Y, Luo K, Liu Y, Zhou M, Yan S, et al. The protective effects of selenium on cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via mitochondria pathway in mice kidney. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;58:61–7
  5. Rahimzadeh MR, Rahimzadeh MR, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia A. Cadmium toxicity and treatment: An update. Casp J Intern Med. 2017;8(3):135
  6. Park JH, Lee BM, Kim HS. Potential protective roles of curcumin against cadmium-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. J Toxicol Environ Heal Part B. 2021;24(3):95–118
  7. Rikans LE, Yamano T. Mechanisms of cadmium‐mediated acute hepatotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2000;14(2):110–7
  8. Chang K-C, Hsu C-C, Liu S-H, Su C-C, Yen C-C, Lee M-J, et al. Cadmium induces apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells through a mitochondria-dependent pathway: the role of oxidative stress-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e54374
  9. Monteiro C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Pinho F, Bastos V, Oliveira H, Peixoto F, et al. Biochemical and transcriptional analyses of cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in human osteoblasts. J Toxicol Environ Heal Part A. 2018;81(15):705–17
  10. Hu X, Chandler JD, Park S, Liu K, Fernandes J, Orr M, et al. Low-dose cadmium disrupts mitochondrial citric acid cycle and lipid metabolism in mouse lung. Free Radic Biol Med. 2019;131:209–17
  11. Zhang J, Zhang Y, Qi X, Cui Y, Chen X, Lin H. TRAF2/ASK1/JNK Signaling Pathway Is Involved in the Lung Apoptosis of Swine Induced by Cadmium Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022;1–9
  12. Bertin G, Averbeck D. Cadmium: cellular effects, modifications of biomolecules, modulation of DNA repair and genotoxic consequences (a review). Biochimie. 2006;88(11):1549–59
  13. Wu KC, Liu JJ, Klaassen CD. Nrf2 activation prevents cadmium- induced acute liver injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012;263(1):14–20
  14. Pathak N, Khandelwal S. Influence o