Journals / IZTU Journal of Medical and Health Sciences / 2022 / Cilt: 1 - Sayı: 1

Epigenetic Changes in Medulloblastoma: Correlation with Molecular Subclassification

Medulloblastomlardaki Epigenetik Değişikliklerin Moleküler Alt Grupları ile İlişkisi

Pages
35–46
Publication Date
2022-01-01
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, we aimed to address the epigenetic mechanisms in medulloblastomas in the light of the current literature and emphasize the relevant unpublished data in our preliminary study.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Medulloblastoma is a malignant childhood brain tumor and shows high clinical heterogeneity among patients.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The latter includes Group 3 and Group 4.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this review, we aimed to address the epigenetic mechanisms in medulloblastomas in the light of the current literature and emphasize the relevant unpublished data in our preliminary study.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:medulloblastom · DNA metilasyonu · histon modifikasyonları

Abstract

Medulloblastoma is a malignant childhood brain tumor and shows high clinical heterogeneity among patients. Three major molecular categories of MB have been established; WNT activated group, SHH activated group, and non-WNT/non-SHH-activated group. The latter includes Group 3 and Group 4. All groups show different histological features as well as different genetic and epigenetic backgrounds. Genetic basis of the disease has been widely studied in the last decade, however epigenetic basis of the disease has become a trend research area. The epigenetic researches focus on histone modification mechanisms involving some genes such as KDM6A and EZH2, and also PRC2 complex, in addition to variations in ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, mainly on SWI/SNF complexes. EZH2 is a candidate target gene as its repressors are currently on trial for MB patients. Finally lncRNA, a noncoding RNA is likely to be the most promising subgroup specific marker. Understanding both genetic and epigenetic differences in medulloblastomas, determining subtype-specific alterations and discovering therapeutics that specifically targets those alterations might be valuable for management of this cancer. In this review, we aimed to address the epigenetic mechanisms in medulloblastomas in the light of the current literature and emphasize the relevant unpublished data in our preliminary study.

Özet

Medulloblastom (MB) çocukluk çağının malign beyin tümörü olmakla beraber klinik heterojenitesi oldukça yüksektir. Histolojik alt sınıflandırma yanısıra; moleküler olarak WNT-aktive, SHH-aktive ve WNT/SHH-aktive-olmayan üzere üç temel alt grubu tanımlanmıştır. Son grup, Grup 3 ve Grup 4 medulloblastomları içermektedir. Tüm gruplar, farklı histolojik tiplerin yanı sıra, farklı genetik ve epigenetik özellikler gösterebilmektedir. Geçtiğimiz on yılda hastalığın genetik yapısı detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir, ancak epigenetik temelleri son zamanlarda araştırma odağı olmuştur. Epigenetik araştırmalar KDM6A ve EZH2 gibi genler üzerinden histon modifikasyon mekanizmaları, PRC2 kompleksi ve başta SWI/SNF kompleksi olmak üzere ATP-bağımlı kromatin yeniden-düzenleyici kompleksleri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. EZH2 geninin baskılayıcıları günümüzde klinik denemelerde MB hastaları üzerinde test edilmekte olup bu gen aday hedef genlerden biridir. Son olarak, kodlamayan RNA’lardan lncRNA’ların alt gruplara özgü belirteçler arasında en umut verici belirteçler olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Medulloblastomlardaki genetik ve epigenetik farklılıkları anlamak, alt gruplara özgü değişiklikleri tanımlamak ve bu değişiklikleri hedefleyen terapötiklerin ortaya çıkarılması, bu kanserin tedavisinde oldukça önemli olacaktır. Bu derlemede amacımız, medulloblastomlardaki epigenetik değişiklikleri güncel literatür ile irdelemek ve konuyla ilişkili yürüttüğümüz çalışmadaki ön verilerimizi ortaya koymaktır.

🔖

Cite This Article

KANIT, N., ÖZER, E. (2022). Epigenetic Changes in Medulloblastoma: Correlation with Molecular Subclassification. IZTU Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Cilt: 1 - Sayı: 1, 35–46. https://ajindex.com/articles/884321

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (13)

  1. Crawford JR, MacDonald TJ, Packer RJ. Medulloblastoma in childhood: new biological advances. Lancet Neurol. 2007 Dec;6(12):1073–85.
  2. Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, Von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Webster, et al. The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131:803–20.
  3. Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Pfister SM, Taylor MD. The clinical implications of medulloblastoma subgroups. Nat Publ Gr. 2012;8:340–51.
  4. Taylor MD, Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Remke M, Cho YJ, Clifford SC, et al. Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: The current consensus. Acta Neuropathol. 2012;123(4):465–72.
  5. Liang L, Aiken C, Felton K, Hogg A, van Landeghem F, Klonisch T, et al. Primary Pediatric Brain Tumors of the Posterior Fossa Part II: A Comprehensive Overview of Medulloblastoma. In: Development of the Cerebellum from Molecular Aspects to Diseases. Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 327–51.
  6. Zurawel RH, Chiappa SA, Allen C, Raffel C. Sporadic medulloblastomas contain oncogenic β-catenin mutations. Cancer Res. 1998;58(5):896–9.
  7. Northcott PA, Korshunov A, Witt H, Hielscher T, Eberhart CG, Mack S, et al. Medulloblastoma Comprises Four Distinct Molecular Variants. J Clin Oncol. 2010;29:1408–14.
  8. Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, Pfaff E, Shih DJH, Martin DC, et al. Subgroup-Specific Prognostic Implications of TP53 Mutation in Medulloblastoma. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(23):2927–35.
  9. Taylor MD, Mainprize TG, Rutka JT. Molecular insight into medulloblastoma and central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor biology from hereditary syndromes: A review. Neurosurgery. 2000;47(4):888–901.
  10. Sadakierska-Chudy A, Kostrzewa RM, Filip M. A Comprehensive View of the Epigenetic Landscape Part I: DNA Methylation, Passive and Active DNA Demethylation Pathways and Histone Variants. Neurotox Res. 2015; 27(1): 84–97
  11. Frühwald MC, O’Dorisio MS, Dai Z, Tanner SM, Balster DA, Gao X, et al. Aberrant promoter methylation of previously unidentified target genes is a common abnormality in medulloblastomas–Implications for tumor biology and potential clinical utility. Oncogene. 2001;20(36):5033–42.
  12. Hovestadt V, Remke M, Kool M, Pietsch T, Northcott PA, Fischer R, et al. Robust molecular subgrouping and copy-number profiling of medulloblastoma from small amounts of archival tumour material using high-density DNA methylation arrays. Acta Neuropathol. 2013;3:913–6.
  13. Portela A, Esteller M. Epigenetic modifications and human disea