Journals / Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi / 2022 / Cilt: 21 - Sayı: 2

A FAIR BALANCE BETWEEN THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS MANIFESTATION AND THE FREEDOM TO CONDUCT A BUSINESS IN THE CASES OF HEADSCARVES BAN IN PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT?

Özel İşyerinde Başörtüsü Yasaklarına İlişkin Davalarda Dini İfade Hürriyeti ile Teşebbüs Hürriyeti Arasında Adil Bir Denge Söz Konusu mu?

Pages
397–428
Publication Date
2022-12-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The contribution argues that such corporate neutrality policies, though applied to all employees in the same way, constitute in fact direct discrimination for the devout followers of orthopraxis religions, such as Islam, Judaism and Sikhism, provide preference to employer’s freedom to conduct a business and economic interests over the employee’s right to religious manifestation and social rights, put the right to religious manifestation at the bottom of the hierarchy of grounds of discrimination and cause to economic and social exclusion of such minority employees, notwithstanding the European values.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The contribution questions the preliminary rulings given by the CJEU in Achbita and Wabe and Müller Cases that define the corporate neutrality policies banning wearing of religious clothes in private employment as indirect discrimination.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The contribution questions the preliminary rulings given by the CJEU in Achbita and Wabe and Müller Cases that define the corporate neutrality policies banning wearing of religious clothes in private employment as indirect discrimination.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The contribution argues that such corporate neutrality policies, though applied to all employees in the same way, constitute in fact direct discrimination for the devout followers of orthopraxis religions, such as Islam, Judaism and Sikhism, provide preference to employer’s freedom to conduct a business and economic interests over the employee’s right to religious manifestation and social rights, put the right to religious manifestation at the bottom of the hierarchy of grounds of discrimination and cause to economic and social exclusion of such minority employees, notwithstanding the European values.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:İşyeri Tarafsızlık Politikası · Din ve İnanç İfade Hürriyeti · Teşebbüs Hürriyeti

Abstract

The contribution questions the preliminary rulings given by the CJEU in Achbita and Wabe and Müller Cases that define the corporate neutrality policies banning wearing of religious clothes in private employment as indirect discrimination. The contribution argues that such corporate neutrality policies, though applied to all employees in the same way, constitute in fact direct discrimination for the devout followers of orthopraxis religions, such as Islam, Judaism and Sikhism, provide preference to employer’s freedom to conduct a business and economic interests over the employee’s right to religious manifestation and social rights, put the right to religious manifestation at the bottom of the hierarchy of grounds of discrimination and cause to economic and social exclusion of such minority employees, notwithstanding the European values.

Özet

Makale bazı kadın işçilerin özel işyerlerinden işyeri tarafsızlık politikası kuralları gereği başörtüsü takmaları gerekçesiyle çıkartılması neticesinde Avrupa Birliği Adalet Divanı’nın Achbita, Wabe ve Müller gibi kararları üzerinden söz konusu işyeri tarafsızlık politikasının dolaylı ayrımcılık oluşturduğuna dair içtihadını eleştirel olarak analiz etmektedir. Makale esasen sözkonusu özel işyeri politikası çerçevesinde konulan kuralların, yeknesak uygulansa bile, İslam, Yahudilik ve Sihizm gibi bazı orthopraxis din mensupları açısından doğrudan ayrımcılık teşkil ettiğini, işverenin teşebbüs hürriyeti ile economic çıkarlarını, işçilerin dini ifade hürriyeti ve sosyal haklarına tercih ettiğini, ayrımcılık kategorisi içerisinde din ifade özgürlüğünü en tabanda korunmaya layık bir ayrımcılık kategorisine sürüklediğini, AB değerlerine aykırılık teşkil edecek şekilde azınlık din mensuplarının ekonomik ve sosyal dışlanmasına yol açtığını savunmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

KARAYİĞİT, M. T., ILHAN, J. (2022). A FAIR BALANCE BETWEEN THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS MANIFESTATION AND THE FREEDOM TO CONDUCT A BUSINESS IN THE CASES OF HEADSCARVES BAN IN PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT?. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 21 - Sayı: 2, 397–428. https://ajindex.com/articles/857222

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (10)

  1. Alidadi, Katayoun. “Faith, Identity and Participation in the Workplace a Comparative Legal Study on the Role of Religion and Belief in Individual Labour Relations and Unemployment Benefits Litigation”. Ph.D Dissertation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2015.
  2. Brems, Eva and Jogchum Vrielink. “Floors or Ceilings: European Supranational Courts and Their Authority in Human Rights Matters” in Human Rights with a Human Touch. Liber Amicorum Paul Lemmen, editors K Lemmens et al. 271- 302. Chicago: Intersentia, 2019.
  3. Collins, Hugh. “Justice for Foxes: Fundamental Rights and Justification of Indirect Discrimination” in Foundations of Indirect Discrimination Law, editors Hugh Collins and Tarunabh Khaitan, 249 – 278. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2018.
  4. Everson, Michele and Rui Correia Gonçalves. “Article 16 Freedom to Conduct a Business” in The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: A Commentary, editors Steve Peers, Tamara Hervey, Jeff Kenner and Angela Ward, 437–464. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2021.
  5. Havercort- Speekenbrink, Sarah. European Non-Discrimination Law – A Comparison of EU law and the ECHR in the Field of NonDiscrimination and Freedom of Religion in Public Employment with an Emphasis on the Islamic Headscarf Issue. Cambridge: Intersentia, 2012.
  6. Lörcher, Klaus. “Interpretation and Minimum Level of Protection” in The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the Employment Relation, editors Filip Dorssemont, Klaus Lörcher, Stefan Clauwaert and Mélanie Schmitt, 81-100. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2019.
  7. Pastor, Relano Eugenia “Religious Discrimination in the Workplace: Achbita and Bougnaoui” in EU AntiDiscrimination Law Beyond Gender, editors Uladzislau Belavusau and Kristin Henrard, 183–202. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2018.
  8. Petkoff, Peter. “Religious symbols between forum internum and forum externum” in Law and Religion in the 21st century: Relations between States and Religious Communities, editors Rinaldo Cristofori, Silvio Ferrari, 297 – 304. London: Routledge, 2010.
  9. Schiek, Dagmar. “Indirect Discrimination” in Cases, Materials and Text on National, Supranational and International Non-Discrimination Law, editors Dagmar Schiek, Lisa Waddington, and Mark Bell, 323-375. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007.
  10. Veneziani, Bruno. “Article 16 – Freedom to Conduct a Business” in The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the Employment Relation, editors Filip Dorssemont, Klaus Lörcher, Stefan Clauwaert and Mélanie Schmitt, 351–368. Oxford: Hart Publishing,