Journals / Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2014 / Cilt: 16 - Sayı: 2

The Measurement of Convergence of Economic Freedoms with Haldane-Hall Approach

Ekonomik Özgürlüklerdeki Yakınsamanın Haldane-Hall Yaklaşımı ile Ölçümü

Pages
193–212
Publication Date
2014-09-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The outcomes of Haldane-Hall Convergence Analysis revealed that the economic liberation processes of Argentina, Belarus, Bolivia, Bulgaria, China, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Senegal, Thailand and Turkey converged to developed countries, on the other hand, in Republic of Congo, Ghana, Iraq, Jordan, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Sudan, Swaziland, Vietnam, Yemen, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Uganda, the concept of divergence in terms of economic freedom became a current issue.Keywords: Economic Freedom, Convergence, Haldane-Hall Approach.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:One of the most important developments in the last thirty years is the expansion of liberal economic thought and policies in terms of accelerating globalization movements.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Libertarian movements the scope of which has been extended with regards to economics and especially neo-liberal movements became an irreplaceable element of social set-up and their economic liberation formed the main core of the developments of macroeconomics with the aim of increasing the welfare level.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The outcomes of Haldane-Hall Convergence Analysis revealed that the economic liberation processes of Argentina, Belarus, Bolivia, Bulgaria, China, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Senegal, Thailand and Turkey converged to developed countries, on the other hand, in Republic of Congo, Ghana, Iraq, Jordan, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Sudan, Swaziland, Vietnam, Yemen, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Uganda, the concept of divergence in terms of economic freedom became a current issue.Keywords: Economic Freedom, Convergence, Haldane-Hall Approach.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ekonomik Özgürlükler · Yakınsama · Haldane-Hall Yaklaşımı

Abstract

One of the most important developments in the last thirty years is the expansion of liberal economic thought and policies in terms of accelerating globalization movements. Libertarian movements the scope of which has been extended with regards to economics and especially neo-liberal movements became an irreplaceable element of social set-up and their economic liberation formed the main core of the developments of macroeconomics with the aim of increasing the welfare level. In this study, therefore, whether developing and underdeveloped countries came closer to developed countries in terms of economic freedom is analysed with a new method that is Haldane-Hall Convergence Analysis. The outcomes of Haldane-Hall Convergence Analysis revealed that the economic liberation processes of Argentina, Belarus, Bolivia, Bulgaria, China, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, India, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Senegal, Thailand and Turkey converged to developed countries, on the other hand, in Republic of Congo, Ghana, Iraq, Jordan, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Sudan, Swaziland, Vietnam, Yemen, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Guinea, Madagascar, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Uganda, the concept of divergence in terms of economic freedom became a current issue.Keywords: Economic Freedom, Convergence, Haldane-Hall Approach.

Özet

ÖzSon otuz yıldan bu yana yaşanan en önemli gelişmelerden biri, hızlanan küreselleşme hareketleri kapsamında liberal iktisadi düşünce ve politikaların dünya genelinde yayılması olmuştur. Özellikle neo-liberal hareketler ile birlikte iktisadi bakımdan kapsamı genişletilen özgürlükçü akımlar, toplumsal yapılanma tarafından vazgeçilmez bir unsur olmuş ve ekonomik serbesti, refah gücünün artırılabilmesi amacıyla makro iktisadi gelişmelerin ana eksenini oluşturmuştur. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada, gelişmekte olan ve azgelişmiş ülkelerin gelişmiş ülkelere ekonomik özgürlükler bakımından yaklaşıp yaklaşmadıkları yeni bir yöntem olan Haldane-Hall Yakınsama Analizi ile incelenmiştir. Haldane-Hall yakınsama analizi sonuçları; Arjantin, Belarus, Bolivya, Bulgaristan, Çin, Ekvador, Mısır, El Salvador, Hindistan, Meksika, Papua Yeni Gine, Romanya, Senegal, Tayland ve Türkiye’deki ekonomik özgürlük süreçlerinin gelişmiş ülkelere yakınsadığını; buna karşın Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Gana, Irak, Ürdün, Libya, Moldova, Fas, Sudan, Svaziland, Vietnam, Yemen, Bangladeş, Burkina Faso, Çad, Demokratik Kongo Cumhuriyeti, Gambiya, Gine, Madagaskar, Mali, Mozambik, Sierra Leone ve Uganda’da ise ekonomik özgürlükler bakımından ıraksama olgusunun gündeme geldiğini ortaya koymuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ekonomik Özgürlükler, Yakınsama, Haldane-Hall Yaklaşımı.

🔖

Cite This Article

AKINCI, M., AKINCI, G. Y., YILMAZ, Ö. (2014). The Measurement of Convergence of Economic Freedoms with Haldane-Hall Approach. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 16 - Sayı: 2, 193–212. https://ajindex.com/articles/67731

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (18)

  1. Alston, P. (1990). U.S. ratification of the covenant on economic, social and cultural rights: The need for an entirely new strategy. The American Journal of International Law, 84 (2): 365-393.
  2. Assane, D. ve Grammy, A. (2003). Institutional framework and economic development: International evidence. Applied Economics, 35 (17): 1811-1817.
  3. Baliamoune-Lutz, M. (2006). Opennes, growth and income convergence in Africa. http://www.etsg.org/ETSG2006/papers/Baliamoune.pdf (30.04.2013).
  4. Barro, R. J. (2001). Human capital and growth. The American Economic Review, 91 (2): 12-17.
  5. Barzel, Y. (2002). A theory of the state: economic rights, legal rights and the scope of the state. UK: Cambridge University Press.
  6. Cole, J. H. (2005). Economic freedom and world economic growth: Evidence and implications. RLDE Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico, (5): 101-125.
  7. Connors, J. (2012). Economic freedom, democracy and economic performance. Duke University Working Paper, No. 26: 1-19.
  8. Daintith, T. (2004). Constitutional protection of economic rights. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 2 (1): 56-90.
  9. Datta, A. (2003). Time-series tests of convergence and transitional dynamics. Economics Letters, 81 (2): 233-240.
  10. Dickey, D. A. ve Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74 (366): 427-431.
  11. Dickey, D. A. ve Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49 (4): 1057-1072.
  12. Drake, L. (1995). Testing for convergence between UK regional house prices. Regional Studies, 29 (4): 357-366.
  13. Dursun, İ. (2002). Ekonomik özgürlükler-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: Teorik ve uygulamalı bir inceleme. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi,
  14. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İzmir.
  15. Elert, N. ve Halvarsson, D. (2012). Economic freedom and institutional convergence. Ratio Working Paper, No. 196: 1-30.
  16. Friedman, M. (2002). Economic freedom behind the scenes. J. Gwartney, R. Lawson, C. Edwards, W. Park, V. Rugy ve S. Wagh (Der.). Economic freedom of the world: 2002 annual report: İçinde xvii-xxi. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute. Fung, M. K. (2009). Financial development and economic growth: Convergence or divergence. Journal of International Money and Finance, 28 (1): 56-67.
  17. Gorga, C. (1999). Toward the definition of economic rights. Journal of Markets & Morality, 2 (1): 88-101.
  18. Granger, C. W. J. ve Newbold, P. (1974).