Journals / Türk Pediatri Arşivi / 2020 / Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 3

Intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies

Prematürede intraventriküler kanama

Pages
215–221
Publication Date
2022-11-06
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this review, intraventricular hemorrhage and complications are discussed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is a major complication of prematurity and inversely associated with gestational age and birth weight.
📊
Key Findings & Data:It occurs in around 20% of very low-birth-weight preterm neonates.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this review, intraventricular hemorrhage and complications are discussed.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is a major complication of prematurity and inversely associated with gestational age and birth weight. The hemorrhage originates from the germinal matrix with an immature capillary bed where vascularization is intense and active cell proliferation is high. It occurs in around 20% of very low-birth-weight preterm neonates. Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage is less common in females, the black race, and with antenatal steroid use, but is more common in the presence of mechanical ventilation, respiratory distress, pulmonary bleeding, pneumothorax, chorioamnionitis, asphyxia, and sepsis. Ultrasonography is the diagnostic tool of choice for intraventricular hemorrhage and its complications. Approximately 25–50% of the germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage cases are asymptomatic and diagnosedduring routine screening. These cases are usually patients with lowgrade hemorrhage. Neurologic findings are prominent in severe intraventricular hemorrhage cases. The major complications of the germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies are periventricular hemorrhagic infarction, posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation, periventricular leukomalacia, and cerebellar hemorrhage. It is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. The management of hemodynamics and ventilation of patients, appropriate follow-up, and early diagnosis and treatment can minimize morbidity. Prognosis in intraventricular hemorrhage is related to the severity of bleeding, parenchymal damage, and the presence of seizures and shunt surgery. The main determinant of prognosis is periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and its severity. Moderate-severe intraventricular hemorrhagecan cause posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, and mentalretardation. Even mild germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage can result in developmental disorders. Long-term problems such as neurodevelopmental disorders and cerebral palsy are as important as short-term problems. Improving the quality of life of these babies should be aimed through appropriate treatment and follow-up. In this review, intraventricular hemorrhage and complications are discussed.

Özet

Germinal matriks-intraventriküler kanama, prematüreliğin majör bir komplikasyonu olup gestasyonel yaş ve doğum ağırlığıyla ters orantılıdır. İntraventiküler kanama, nöroglial öncül hücrelerin damarlanmasının yoğun olduğu ve aktif hücre proliferasyonunun fazla olduğu germinal matrikste gerçekleşmektedir. Çok düşük doğum ağırlıklı bebeklerde yaklaşık %20 sıklıkla görülmektedir. Germinal matriks-intraventriküler kanama, kız cinsiyette, siyah ırkta ve antenatal steroid kullanımında daha az; mekanik ventilasyon, respiratuar distres, pulmoner kanama, pnömotoraks, koryoamniyonit, asfiksi, sepsis varlığında daha sık görülmektedir. Ultrasonografi, tanıda ilk seçilecek yöntemdir. Germinal matriks-intraventiküler kanamaların yaklaşık %25–50’si asemptomatiktir. Rutin taramalar sırasında tanı alan bu olgularda, genellikle düşük evre kanamalar saptanmaktadır. Ağır kanamalarda nörolojik semptomlar ön plandadır. Pretermde intraventriküler hemoraji, periventriküler hemorajik infarkt, posthemorajik ventriküler dilatasyon, periventriküler lökomalazi, serebellar hemoraji gibi komplikasyonlarla birlikte olabilmektedir. Önemli bir hastalık ve ölüm nedenidir. Doğru hemodinami ve ventilasyon yönetimi, uygun izlem, erken tanı ve zamanında müdahale ile hastalıklar en aza indirilebilir. İntraventriküler kanamada seyir, kanamanın ciddiyeti, parankim hasarı, nöbet ve şant varlığı ile ilişkilidir. Seyirin ana belirleyicisi de periventriküler hemorajik infarkt ve bu infarktın ciddiyetidir. Orta-ağır şiddetteki intraventriküler kanama posthemorajik hidrosefali, serebral palsi, zeka geriliğine neden olabilmektedir. Hafif intraventriküler kanama dahi, gelişimsel bozukluklarla sonuçlanabilmektedir. Kısa dönemde karşılaşılan sorunlar kadar uzun dönemde nörogelişimsel bozukluk, serebral palsi gibi sorunların takibinin yapılması; gerekli tedavi ve özel eğitim ile bu bebeklerin yaşam kalitesinin artırılması amaçlanmalıdır. Bu derlemede germinal matriks-intraventriküler kanama ve komplikasyonları tartışılmaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

ÖZEK, E., KERSİN, S. G. (2022). Intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies. Türk Pediatri Arşivi, Cilt: 55 - Sayı: 3, 215–221. https://ajindex.com/articles/640915

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (10)

  1. Lemons JA, Bauer CR, Oh W, et al. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child health and human development neonatal research network, January 1995 through December 1996. NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2001; 107: E1. Bassan H. Intracranial hemorrhage in the preterm infant: understanding it, preventing it. Clin Perinatol 2009; 36: 737–62.
  2. Adams-Chapman I, Hansen NI, Stoll BJ, Higgins R; NICHD Research Network. Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus requiring shunt insertion. Pediatrics 2008; 121: e1167–77. Akman İ, Güral N. Pretermde germinal matriks intraventriküler kanama. J Ist Faculty Med 2011; 74: 2. Volpe JJ. Intracranial hemorrhage: germinal matrix – intraventricular hemorrhage of the premature infant. In: Volpe JJ, editor. Neurology of the newborn. 5th edition. Elsevier, Philadelphia; 2008.p.517–88.
  3. Lou HC, Lassen NA, Friis-Hansen B. Impaired autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the distressed newborn infant. J Pediatr 1979; 94: 118–21.
  4. Lu H, Wang Q, Lu J, Zhang Q, Kumar P. Risk Factors for Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants Born at 34 Weeks of Gestation or Less Following Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25: 807–12.
  5. Babnik J, Stucin-Gantar I, Kornhauser-Cerar L, Sinkovec J, Wraber B, Derganc M. Intrauterine inflammation and the onset of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants. Biol Neonate 2006; 90: 113–21.
  6. Tioseco JA, Aly H, Essers J, Patel K, El-Mohandes AA. Male sex and intraventricular hemorrhage. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2006; 7: 40–4.
  7. Ment LR, Adén U, Lin A, et al. Gene-environment interactions in severe intraventricular hemorrhage of preterm neonates. Pediatr Res 2014; 75: 241–50. Härtel C, König I, Köster S, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of hemostasis genes and primary outcome of very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 683–9.
  8. Szpecht D, Gadzinowski J, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Kurzawińska G, Drews K, Szymankiewicz M. The role of FV 1691G>A, FII 20210G>A mutations and MTHFR 677C>T; 1298A>C and 103G>T FXIII gene polymorphisms in pathogenesis of intraventricular hemorrhage in infants born before 32 weeks of gestation. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33: 1201–8.
  9. Dalton J, Dechert RE, Sarkar S. Assessment of association between rapid fluctuations in serum sodium and intraventricular hemorrhage in hypernatremic preterm infants. Am J Perinatol 2015; 32: 795–802.
  10. Papile LA, Burstein J, Burst