Journals / Türk Patoloji Dergisi / 2009 / Cilt: 25 - Sayı: 2

A case of kearns-sayre syndrome (the importance of enzyme staining for the diagnosis of childhood mitochondrial diseases)

Bir kearns-sayre sendromu olgusu (çocukluk çağında gelişen mitokondriyal hastalıkların tanısında enzim boyalarının önemi)

Pages
53–56
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Enzyme activity revealed on muscle biopsy is therefore important for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases, especially in early childhood.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Kearns- Sayre syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by a triad of features including onset in persons younger than 20 years, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and pigmentary degeneration of retina.
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Key Findings & Data:Cardiac conduction defects are significant and preventable cause of mortality.We present a 13-year-old boy with Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
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Conclusion & Impact:Enzyme activity revealed on muscle biopsy is therefore important for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases, especially in early childhood.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Kearns- Sayre syndrome is a mitochondrial disease characterized by a triad of features including onset in persons younger than 20 years, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and pigmentary degeneration of retina. It may affect many organ systems and a wide range of complications may develop. Cardiac conduction defects are significant and preventable cause of mortality.We present a 13-year-old boy with Kearns-Sayre syndrome. His complaints were short stature, ptosis and weakness. Clinical findings consisted of failure to thrive, external ophthalmoplegia, bilateral ptosis, mild hypotonia, retinitis pigmentosa and complete heart block. Cerebrospinal fluid protein and lactate levels were increased. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral symmetric hyper intensities. The ragged red fibers were not shown by modified Gomori's trichrome staining but succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase combined enzyme staining demonstrated the correlation of COX negative fibers with succinate dehydrogenasepositive ones. In addition, an increased number of mitochondria on electron microscopic examination of the skeletal muscle was determined. No mutations were found in the DNA from blood samples.Most patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome have deleted mitochondrial DNA. However, mutations are organ specific and could not be demonstrated in blood samples. Electron microscopy is also of limited use in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease as there are abnormal fibers in normal muscle and it is the percentage of these fibers that is important. The ragged red fibers can be noticed with modified Gomori's trichome staining in mitochondrial diseases of long duration but ragged red fibers may not be shown with histochemical stains in muscle biopsies of children with mitochondrial myopathies. Enzyme activity revealed on muscle biopsy is therefore important for the diagnosis of mitochondrial diseases, especially in early childhood.

Özet

Kearns Sayre Sendromu; kronik progresif eksternal oft almopleji ve pigmenter retina dejenerasyonu ile karakterize, 20 yaşından önce bulgu veren mitokondriyal bir hastalıktır. Birçok organı etkiler ve buna bağlı olarak çok geniş bir komplikasyon spektrumuna sahiptir. Kalp iletim defektleri de hastalığın sık görülen ve önlenebilen lethal komplikasyonlarındandır.Burada 13 yaşında Kearns Sayre sendromu tanısı konulan bir erkek çocuk sunuldu. Gelişme geriliği, ptozis ve güçsüzlük yakınmalarıyla başvuran hastanın klinik bakısında; solunum güçlüğü, eksternal oft almopleji, bilateral ptozis, ılımlı hipotoni, retinitis pigmentoza ve komplet kalp bloğu saptandı. Beyin omurilik sıvısı protein ve laktat düzeyleri yüksekti. Kraniyal magnetik rezonans görüntülemede bilateral simetrik hiper intensiteler vardı. Kas biyopsisinin modifiye Gomori trikrom boyamasında “ragged red” lifler izlenmese de; enzim boyamalarda sitokrom oksidaz negatif liflerin süksinat dehidrogenaz pozitif oldukları görüldü. Elektron mikroskobik incelemede artmış mitokondriyal birikim vardı. Periferal kanda mitokondriyal DNA delesyonu saptanmadı.Kearns Sayre sendromlu olguların çoğunda mitokondriyal DNA delesyonu saptanır. Ancak bu mutasyonlar organ spesifik olup; periferik kanda gösterilemeyebilir. Kas biyopsisinin elektron mikroskobik incelemesi de her zaman yararlı olmayabilir. Çünkü mitokondriyal depozitler normalde de gözlenir ve bunların oranındaki artış önemlidir. Defektif mitokondriler otonom olarak bölünüp çoğalırlar. Ancak bu birikim zamanla yoğunlaşır. Ve çocuklarda gelişen mitokondriyal miyopatilerde, çizgili kas dokusunda “ragged red” lif görünümünü oluşturacak denli abartılı mitokondriyal depozitler oluşmayabilir. Bu nedenle özellikle erken çocuklukta gelişen mitokondriyal hastalıkların tanısı için yapılan kas biyopsilerinde solunum zincirinin aktivitesini gösteren enzim boyamalar çok önemlidir.

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Cite This Article

URAN, N., SARITAŞ, T., ORTAÇ, R., SAYLAN, B., OKUDUCU, A. F., DENİZ, A. G., MEŞE, T., TAVLI, V., AKTAŞ, S., UNALP, A. (2022). A case of kearns-sayre syndrome (the importance of enzyme staining for the diagnosis of childhood mitochondrial diseases). Türk Patoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 25 - Sayı: 2, 53–56. https://ajindex.com/articles/640820

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References (1)

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