Journals / Türk Beyin Damar Hastalıkları Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 3

THE MYSTERIOUS PHENOMENON OF ISCHEMIC STROKE: NO-REFLOW

İSKEMİK İNMENİN GİZEMLİ FENOMENİ: NO-REFLOW

Pages
179–190
Publication Date
2022-11-06
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Cocktail therapies to improve reperfusion besides recanalization therapy in ischemic stroke can prevent the "no-reflow" phenomenon.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Recanalization therapies based on reopening of the occluded great vessel after ischemic stroke are the only treatment options available today and have made significant advances in improving clinical function.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Some of the causes of this phenomenon, which has been known in experimental studies for many years but whose pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated, are the aggregation of blood elements, increase in blood viscosity, contraction of pericytes -a component of neurovascular unit, narrowing of microvessels, and activation of inflammatory processes.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Cocktail therapies to improve reperfusion besides recanalization therapy in ischemic stroke can prevent the "no-reflow" phenomenon.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Recanalization therapies based on reopening of the occluded great vessel after ischemic stroke are the only treatment options available today and have made significant advances in improving clinical function. However, providing recanalization does not always result in tissue survival and positive functional recovery. One of the various reasons underlying this incompatibility is the "no-reflow" phenomenon. This term was first used in the cardiology literature to describe the situation in which parenchymal tissue reperfusion was not achieved despite recanalization. In the following period, the existence of a similar process in experimental ischemic stroke models, in which the blood flow did not improve at the microcirculation level despite the opening of the occluded great vessels, was proven. Some of the causes of this phenomenon, which has been known in experimental studies for many years but whose pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated, are the aggregation of blood elements, increase in blood viscosity, contraction of pericytes -a component of neurovascular unit, narrowing of microvessels, and activation of inflammatory processes. Since this phenomenon causes the success of recanalization treatments not to be at the desired level, its pathophysiology should be fully elucidated, especially through clinical studies. Cocktail therapies to improve reperfusion besides recanalization therapy in ischemic stroke can prevent the "no-reflow" phenomenon.

Özet

İskemik inme sonrası tıkanan büyük damarın geri açılmasına dayanan rekanalizasyon tedavileri günümüzdeki tek tedavi seçeneğidir ve klinik fonksiyonu iyileştirmede önemli ilerlemeler sağlamıştır. Ancak rekanalizasyon sağlanması her zaman doku sağ kalımı ve olumlu fonksiyonel iyileşme ile sonlanmamaktadır. Bu uyumsuzluğun altında yatan çeşitli nedenlerden bir tanesi “no-reflow” fenomenidir. Bu terim ilk olarak kardiyoloji literatüründe rekanalizasyon sağlanmasına rağmen parankimal dokuda reperfüzyon sağlanamaması durumunu tarif etmek için kullanılmıştır. Takip eden dönemde deneysel iskemik inme modellerinde, tıkalı büyük damarların açılmasına karşın kan akımının mikrodolaşım düzeyinde düzelmemesi ile seyreden benzer bir sürecin varlığı kanıtlanmıştır. Uzun yıllardır deneysel çalışmalarda varlığı bilinen ancak patofizyolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamayan bu fenomenin nedenlerinden bazıları kan elemanlarının aggregasyonu, kan vizkositesinde artma, nörovasküler ünite hücrelerinden perisitlerin kasılarak mikrodamarları daraltması, inflamatuar süreçlerin aktifleşmesidir. Bu fenomen, rekanalizasyon tedavilerinin başarısının istenen düzeyde olamamasına neden olduğundan özellikle klinik çalışmalarla patofizyolojisinin tam olarak aydınlatılması gereklidir. İskemik inmede rekanalizayon tedavisi yanında reperfüzyonu iyileştirmeye yönelik kokteyl tedavileri “no-reflow’’ fenomenini önleyebilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

SOYLU, K. O., GÜRLER, G., YEMİŞCİ, M. (2022). THE MYSTERIOUS PHENOMENON OF ISCHEMIC STROKE: NO-REFLOW. Türk Beyin Damar Hastalıkları Dergisi, Cilt: 27 - Sayı: 3, 179–190. https://ajindex.com/articles/620292

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (14)

  1. Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, et al. Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: Findings Türk Beyin Damar Hastalıkları Dergisi 2021; 27(3): 179-190 from the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet 2014; 383(9913): 245-254
  2. Ames A, 3rd, Wright RL, Kowada M, et al. Cerebral ischemia. Ii. The no-reflow phenomenon. Am J Pathol 1968; 52(2): 437-453
  3. Chiang J, Kowada M, Ames A, 3rd, et al. Cerebral ischemia. Iii. Vascular changes. Am J Pathol 1968; 52(2): 455-476
  4. Little JR, Kerr FW, Sundt TM, Jr. Microcirculatory obstruction in focal cerebral ischemia: An electron microscopic investigation in monkeys. Stroke 1976; 7(1): 25-30
  5. Zhang ZG, Chopp M, Goussev A, et al. Cerebral microvascular obstruction by fibrin is associated with upregulation of pai-1 acutely after onset of focal embolic ischemia in rats. J Neurosci 1999; 19(24): 10898-10907
  6. Yemisci M, Gursoy-Ozdemir Y, Vural A, et al. Pericyte contraction induced by oxidative-nitrative stress impairs capillary reflow despite successful opening of an occluded cerebral artery. Nat Med 2009; 15(9): 1031-1037
  7. Fischer EG, Ames 3d A. Studies on mechanisms of impairment of cerebral circulation following ischemia: Effect of hemodilution and perfusion pressure. Stroke 1972; 3(5): 538-542
  8. Crowell JW, Sharpe, SP, LrAucht, RL, et al. Echanism of death after resuscitation following acute circulatory arrest. Surgery 1955; 38
  9. Neely WA, and Youmans, J. R. Anoxia of canine brain without damage. JAMA 1963; 183: 1085-1087
  10. Sheehan HL, Davis JC. Patchy permanent renal ischæmia. The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1959; 77(1): 33- 48
  11. Krug A, Du Mesnil de R, Korb G. Blood supply of the myocardium after temporary coronary occlusion. Circ Res 1966; 19(1): 57-62
  12. Kloner RA, Ganote CE, Jennings RB. The "no-reflow" phenomenon after temporary coronary occlusion in the dog. J Clin Invest 1974; 54(6): 1496-1508. 13. de la Torre JC, Fortin T, Saunders JK, et al. The no-reflow phenomenon is a post-mortem artifact. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1992; 115(1-2): 37-42. 14. del Zoppo GJ, Schmid-Schonbein GW, Mori E, et al. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes occlude capillaries following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in baboons. Stroke 1991; 22(10): 1276-1283
  13. Mori E, del Zoppo GJ, Chambers JD, et al. Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence suppresses no- reflow after focal cerebral ischemia in baboons. Stroke 1992; 23(5): 712-718
  14. Liu S, Connor J