AI Summary & Key Takeaways
AI InsightSince increased levels of these molecules are involved in periodontal breakdown, our findings mayemphasize the importance for maintenance of periodontal health in smokers.
📌 3 Key Takeaways
Abstract
Background/aim: The effect of smoking on inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is well established in thepresence of periodontal inflammation. However, it is not clear if smoking has an influence on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) andgrowth factor levels in the GCF of periodontally healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate GCF levels of MMP-1, MMP- 8, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) insmoking versus nonsmoking periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and methods: Thirty-two periodontally healthy subjects were included in this study. Probing depths, bleeding on probing,and plaque index was assessed. GCF levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, TGF-β1, PDGF-AB, and VEGF were analyzed by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay.Results: No significant differences were observed in the distribution of demographic data between study groups. GCF total amount ofPDGF-AB was significantly lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers (P = 0.014). Total amount of GCF MMP-1, MMP-8, TGF-β1,and VEGF levels were similar in both study groups (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Smoking has the effect of decreasing GCF PDGF-AB while it does not affect GCF MMP-1, MMP-8, TGF-β1, and VEGFin periodontally healthy subjects. Since increased levels of these molecules are involved in periodontal breakdown, our findings mayemphasize the importance for maintenance of periodontal health in smokers.