Journals / Turkish Journal of Hematology / 2019 / Cilt: 36 - Sayı: 1

Different Presentations of Patients with Transcobalamin II Deficiency: A Single-Center Experience from Turkey

Transkobalamin II Eksikliği Olan Hastaların Farklı Sunumları: Türkiye’den Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Pages
37–42
Publication Date
2022-11-05
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Early recognition ofthis rare condition and initiation of adequate treatment is critical forcontrol of the disease and better prognosis.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Transcobalamin II deficiency is a rare autosomal recessivedisease characterized by decreased cobalamin availability, whichin turn causes accumulation of homocysteine and methylmalonicacid.
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Key Findings & Data:The presenting clinical features are failure to thrive, diarrhea,megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia, neurologic abnormalities, andalso recurrent infections due to immune abnormalities in early infancy.Materials and Methods: Here, we report the clinical and laboratoryfeatures of six children with transcobalamin II deficiency who were allmolecularly confirmed.Results: The patients were admitted between 1 and 7 months ofage with anemia or pancytopenia.
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Conclusion & Impact:Early recognition ofthis rare condition and initiation of adequate treatment is critical forcontrol of the disease and better prognosis.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Objective: Transcobalamin II deficiency is a rare autosomal recessivedisease characterized by decreased cobalamin availability, whichin turn causes accumulation of homocysteine and methylmalonicacid. The presenting clinical features are failure to thrive, diarrhea,megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia, neurologic abnormalities, andalso recurrent infections due to immune abnormalities in early infancy.Materials and Methods: Here, we report the clinical and laboratoryfeatures of six children with transcobalamin II deficiency who were allmolecularly confirmed.Results: The patients were admitted between 1 and 7 months ofage with anemia or pancytopenia. Unexpectedly, one patient had aserum vitamin B12 level lower than the normal range and anotherone had nonsignificantly elevated serum homocysteine levels. Fourpatients had lymphopenia, four had neutropenia and three alsohad hypogammaglobulinemia. Suggesting the consideration oftranscobalamin II deficiency in the differential diagnosis of immunedeficiency. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was also detected inone patient. Furthermore, two patients had vacuolization in the myeloidlineage in bone marrow aspiration, which may be an additional findingof transcobalamin II deficiency. The hematological abnormalities inall patients resolved after parenteral cobalamin treatment. In followup, two patients showed neurological impairments such as impairedspeech and walking. Among our six patients who were all molecularlyconfirmed, two had the mutation that was reported in transcobalaminII-deficient patients of Turkish ancestry. Also, a novel TCN2 genemutation was detected in one of the remaining patients.Conclusion: Transcobalamin II deficiency should be considered in thedifferential diagnosis of infants with immunological abnormalities aswell as cytopenia and neurological dysfunction. Early recognition ofthis rare condition and initiation of adequate treatment is critical forcontrol of the disease and better prognosis.

Özet

Amaç: Transkobalamin II eksikliği homosistein ve metilmalonik asit birikimine neden olan kobalamin yararlanımının azaldığı nadir bir otozomal resesif hastalıktır. Erken dönemde gelişme geriliği, diyare, megaloblastik anemi, pansitopeni, nörolojik anormallikler ve ayrıca immün bozukluklara bağlı tekrarlayan enfeksiyonlarla karekterizedir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, transkobalamin II eksikliği tanısı moleküler olarak konfirme edilen altı hastanın klinik ve laboratuvar özellikleri sunulmuştur. Bulgular: Hastalar 1-7 ay arasında anemi veya pansitopeni ile başvurdu. Beklenmedik şekilde, bir hastanın serum vitamin B12 düzeyi normalden düşüktü ve diğer bir hastanın serum homosistein düzeyi belirgin düzeyde yüksek değildi. Dört hastada lenfopeni, dört hastada nötropeni ve üç hastada ayrıca hipogamaglobulinemi olup bu bulgular immün yetersizliğin ayırıcı tanısında transkobalamin II eksikliğinin düşünülmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Bir hastada hemofagositik lenfohistiyositoz saptandı. Ayrıca, iki hastanın kemik iliği aspirasyonunda myeloid seride vakuolizasyon olup transkobalamin II eksikliğinin ek bir bulgusu olabilir. Parenteral kobalamin tedavisinden sonra tüm hastaların hematolojik anormallikleri düzeldi. Takipte iki hastada konuşmada ve yürümede bozulma şeklinde nörolojik anormallikler saptandı. Tümü moleküler olarak doğrulanmış altı olgumuzdan ikisinde, transkobalamin II eksikliği olan Türk ırkına ait hastalarda bildirilen mutasyon mevcuttu. Ayrıca, kalan olgulardan birinde yeni bir TCN2 gen mutasyonu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Transkobalamin II eksikliği sitopeni ve nörolojik bozuklukların olduğu gibi immünolojik anormalliklerin de olduğu infantlarda ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmelidir. Bu nadir hastalığın erken tanınması ve uygun tedavinin başlanması hastalığın kontrolü ve daha iyi bir prognoz açısından kritiktir.

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Cite This Article

KUYUCU, S., ÜNAL, S., KARAHAN, F., ARIKOĞLU, T., AKAR, A. (2022). Different Presentations of Patients with Transcobalamin II Deficiency: A Single-Center Experience from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Hematology, Cilt: 36 - Sayı: 1, 37–42. https://ajindex.com/articles/607017

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