Journals / Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry / 2011 / Cilt: 35 - Sayı: 5

Erenler Dağı (Konya, Türkiye) volkanik materyalleri üzerinde toprak oluşumu

Soil formation overlying volcanic materials at Mount Erenler, Konya, Turkey

Pages
545–562
Publication Date
2022-10-19
DOI
—
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The major factors determining soil genesis on Mount Erenler appear to be climate, topography, and the nature of the parent material

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Studies of soils developed on volcanic materials are insufficient in Turkey in light of the wide distribution of these soils.
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Key Findings & Data:The objectives of the present work were to assess the influence of climate and other soil-forming factors on physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics and pedological processes in the soil genesis and soil classifi cation of 4 volcanic soil profiles derived from andesitic parent material, and to determine whether they meet the requirements for classifi cation as Andisols.
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Conclusion & Impact:The major factors determining soil genesis on Mount Erenler appear to be climate, topography, and the nature of the parent material
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Studies of soils developed on volcanic materials are insufficient in Turkey in light of the wide distribution of these soils. The objectives of the present work were to assess the influence of climate and other soil-forming factors on physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics and pedological processes in the soil genesis and soil classifi cation of 4 volcanic soil profiles derived from andesitic parent material, and to determine whether they meet the requirements for classifi cation as Andisols. Collected from a semiarid climate in Konya, Turkey, these soils are characterized as mediumand fi ne-textured with low organic matter content, low cation exchange capacity, and low soil moisture retention. Bulk density was greater than 0.90 g cm–3 in all profiles. In general, phosphate retention was low, and lower than 85% in all profiles. The Al + ½ Fe percentages (by ammonium oxalate) were lower than 2% in all profiles. The pH values in NaF were less than 9.5 in the soils studied. Selective extraction yielded the following relationship in all extractions: Fed > Feo > Fep. Additionally, in most horizons: Alp > Alo > Ald. According to selective dissolution analysis results and index values, noncrystalline minerals such as allophane, imogolite, and iron-humus complexes have not formed in these soils. Only noncrystalline minerals were present, such as Al-humus complexes in great quantities, and, in small quantities, ferrihydrite. Crystallized Fe minerals were more common than other Fe minerals. Feldspar, cristobalite, and quartz were the most common primer minerals. Hematite, cummingtonite, and magnetite were also found in some profi les. X-ray diff raction indicated that kaolinite and illite were dominant minerals in the clay fraction; furthermore, a considerable amount of smectite was found in the clay fraction. The local climate, characterized by low precipitation and a long dry season, obstructs the formation of andic soil properties because of the low rate of weathering and inadequate Si leaching. As a result, the soils of Mount Erenler were not classifi ed as Andisol but rather as Entisol. The major factors determining soil genesis on Mount Erenler appear to be climate, topography, and the nature of the parent material

Özet

Türkiye’de de volkanik materyal üzerinde oluşan topraklar ile ilgili çalışmalar, dağılımlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında yetersizdir. Sunulan bu çalışmanın hedefleri andezitik ana materyal üzerinde oluşan 4 toprak profilinin fiziksel, kimyasal ve mineralojik karakteristikleri ile toprak genesisi ve toprak sınıfl andırmasından sorumlu pedolojik prosesler üzerine iklim ve diğer toprak oluşum faktörlerinin etkisinin araştırılması ve Konya’da yarı kurak iklim şartlarında volkanik materyal üzerinde oluşan toprakların andisol olarak sınıflandırılabilmesi için gerekli kriterleri sağlayıp sağlamadığını belirlemektir. Söz konusu topraklar orta ve ince tekstür, düşük organik madde içeriği, düşük katyon değişim kapasitesi ve su tutma kapasitesi göstermişlerdir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, tüm topraklarda kum ve kaba silt fraksiyonu % 30’dan yüksek, hacim ağırlığı ise tüm profillerde 0.90 g cm–3’den yüksek bulunmuştur. Fosfor fi ksasyonu genel olarak tüm profi llerde düşük bulunmuştur ve % 85’den küçük değerler saptanmıştır. Amonyum oksalatta ekstrakte edilen Al + ½ Fe yüzdesi bütün profi llerde % 2’den küçük bulunmuştur. NaF deki pH değerleri ise 9.5’in altında tespit edilmiştir. Seçici ekstraksiyon ile tüm horizonlarda Fed > Feo > Fep ve çoğu horizonda Alp > Alo > Ald şeklinde bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Seçici ekstraksiyon analizleri sonuçları ve indeks değerlere göre çalışılan topraklarda allofan, imogolit ve Fe-humus kompleksleri gibi amorf mineraller saptanmamıştır. Amorf mineral olarak sadece önemli miktarda Al-humus kompleksi ve çok az miktarda da ferrihidrit bulunmuştur. Kristalize demir mineralleri, diğer demir minerallerinden daha fazladır. Seçici çözelti analizine ait bazı indeks değerlere göre 3 nolu profi lde eseri miktarda amorf materyalin bulunabileceği belirlenmiştir. En yaygın primer mineral olarak feldspat (plajiyoklaz), kristobalit ve kuvars saptanmıştır. Bazı profi llerde hematit, cummingtonit ve magnetit de bulunmuştur. X ışını kırınımları göre kaolinit ve illitin, kil fraksiyonunda dominant kil minerali olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kil fraksiyonunda önemli miktarda smektit bulunmuştur. Düşük yağış ve uzun kurak periyot ile karakterize edilen yerel iklim, düşük ayrışma ve yetersiz Si yıkanması nedeni ile andik toprak özelliklerinin oluşumunu engellemiş ve Erenler dağı üzerinde oluşan topraklar Andisol olarak sınıfl andırılamamış bunun yerine Entisol olarak sınıflandırılmışlardır. Erenler Dağı üzerinde toprak genesisini etkileyen temel faktörler, iklim, topografya ve ana materyalin tabiatı olarak saptanmıştır.

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Cite This Article

ÖZCAN, S., ÖZAYTEKİN, H. H. (2022). Erenler Dağı (Konya, Türkiye) volkanik materyalleri üzerinde toprak oluşumu. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, Cilt: 35 - Sayı: 5, 545–562. https://ajindex.com/articles/599510

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