Journals / OLBA / 2019 / Cilt: 0 - Sayı: 27

THE AGE OF SPECIALIZATION. DIONYSUS AND THE PRODUCTION OF WINE IN LATE ANTIQUITY: A VIEW FROM SAGALASSOS (SW TURKEY)

Uzmanlaşma Çağı. Dionysus ve Geç Antik Dönemde Şarap Üretimi: Sagalassos'tan Bir Örnek (Güneybatı Türkiye)

Journal
OLBA
Pages
413–442
Publication Date
2022-10-18
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The success ofthis endeavour, mainly in intra-regional terms and occasionally beyond, may well haveplayed an important role in the continued presence of Dionysus, as the symbol of thisspecialized branch of farming activities, on the public stage of the urban centre and itsmaterial culture for an extended period of time, until the ‘emancipation’ of Christianityfinally did away with all residual pagan imagery.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility, was already a deity of importance in thePisidian town of Sagalassos (SW Turkey) during the Roman Imperial period, one wholeft his mark on the local monumental landscape as well as on the accoutrements ofdaily life.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Yet, in Late Antiquity Dionysiac imagery at Sagalassos, as in many othercontemporary cities of the Greek speaking Eastern Empire, became the predominanticonographic subject in material culture while also remaining highly visible inthe cityscape, reflecting a Hellenic cultural heritage that was no longer identifiedexclusively with paganism at the time.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The success ofthis endeavour, mainly in intra-regional terms and occasionally beyond, may well haveplayed an important role in the continued presence of Dionysus, as the symbol of thisspecialized branch of farming activities, on the public stage of the urban centre and itsmaterial culture for an extended period of time, until the ‘emancipation’ of Christianityfinally did away with all residual pagan imagery.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility, was already a deity of importance in thePisidian town of Sagalassos (SW Turkey) during the Roman Imperial period, one wholeft his mark on the local monumental landscape as well as on the accoutrements ofdaily life. Yet, in Late Antiquity Dionysiac imagery at Sagalassos, as in many othercontemporary cities of the Greek speaking Eastern Empire, became the predominanticonographic subject in material culture while also remaining highly visible inthe cityscape, reflecting a Hellenic cultural heritage that was no longer identifiedexclusively with paganism at the time. This paper questions how and why the imagesand vestiges of the cult of Dionysus remained omnipresent in this Pisidian city. Wasthis predominance of Dionysiac imagery on various elements of material culture theresult of a form of henotheism - a stage of belief between polytheism and monotheismwhen a single deity achieves prominence but not exclusive worship - which establishedDionysus as an opponent of Christ in an age of religious conflict? Or, conversely, hadthe god simply become an allegory of the vita felix or “the good life”, whose genericrepresentations provided a suitable adornment for a drinking party? Or were there yetother factors at play? Insights into the contemporary economic landscape, which wascharacterized by a growing degree of specialization, may provide part of the answer.Especially an increasing investment in local viticulture and the production of wine,which sparked off new locally manufactured categories of material culture in the shapeof amphorae and oinophoroi or wine flasks, appears to have been crucial. The success ofthis endeavour, mainly in intra-regional terms and occasionally beyond, may well haveplayed an important role in the continued presence of Dionysus, as the symbol of thisspecialized branch of farming activities, on the public stage of the urban centre and itsmaterial culture for an extended period of time, until the ‘emancipation’ of Christianityfinally did away with all residual pagan imagery.

Özet

Şarap ve bereket tanrısı Dionysos, Roma İmparatorluk Döneminde, bir Pisidia kenti olan Sagalassos’ta (Türkiye’nin güneybatısında) yerel anıtsal mimaride ve günlük kullanım eşyalarında izlerini gördüğümüz önemli bir tanrıydı. Bununla beraber, Doğu İmparatorluğun Yunanca kunuşulan birçok çağdaş kentinde olduğu gibi, Sagalassos’ta da Geç Antik Dönemde Dionysos betimleri maddesel kültüre hakim ikonografik bir konu hâlini aldı. O zamanlarda artık paganizm ile özdeşleşmeyen bu Yunan kültürel mirası, kentsel alanlarda da oldukça sık görünür. Bu makâle, Dionysos kültünün betimlerinin ve eserlerinin bu Pisidia kentinin nasıl ve neden her yerinde bulunduğunu sorguluyor. Maddesel kültürün çeşitli alanlarında Dionysos betimlerinin yoğun olması, dini bir anlaşmazlık döneminde Dionysos’u İsa’nın muhalifi yerine koyan, bir çeşit henoteizmin - çok tanrıcılık ve tek tanrıcılık arasında olan, tek tanrının öne çıktığı fakat özel olarak tapınılmadığı bir inanç dönemi- bir sonucu muydu veya bunun aksine, tanrı sadece vita felix’in veya “iyi hayatın” bir alegorisi hâlini mi aldı ve tanrının genel betimlemeleri bir içki şöleni için uygun bir süsleme mi sağladı? Ya da burada rol oynayan diğer faktörler mi var? Tarımda bir alanda uzmanlaşmanın gelişmesiyle nitelenen, zamanın ekonomik alanlarını anlama yanıtın bir kısmını verebilir. Özellikle yerel bağcılığa ve şarap yapımına yapılan yatırımların artmasının, amphoralar, oinophoroi veya şarap şişeleri gibi maddesel kültür kategorilerinde yeni yerel üretimlere yol açması çok önemli görünüyor. Bu girişimin başarısı, malların özellikle bölge içine ve bazen bölge dışına ihraç edilmesi, Dionysos’un devam eden varlığında önemli bir rol oynamış olabilir. Dionysos, tarım faaliyetlerindeki bu uzmanlaşmanın bir sembolü olarak, kent merkezindeki halka açık alanlarda ve onun maddesel kültüründe uzun bir zaman yer aldı. Ta ki, Hıristiyanlığın ‘özgürleşmesi’ ile birlikte, pagan betimlemelerinin tüm kalıntıları yok edilene kadar.

🔖

Cite This Article

TALLOEN, P., POBLOME, J. (2022). THE AGE OF SPECIALIZATION. DIONYSUS AND THE PRODUCTION OF WINE IN LATE ANTIQUITY: A VIEW FROM SAGALASSOS (SW TURKEY). OLBA, Cilt: 0 - Sayı: 27, 413–442. https://ajindex.com/articles/584997

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (18)

  1. Atik 1995
  2. Atik, N., Die Keramik aus den Südthermen von Perge, Istanbuler Mitteilungen Beiheft 40, Tübingen. Bakker et al. 2013
  3. Bakker, J. et al., “Climate, people, fire and the city of Sagalassos: new insights into post-Beyşehir occupation phase vegetation dynamics in the Near East.” Climate of the Past 9, 57-87. Baldıran 2010
  4. Baldıran, A., “Lykaonia Bölgesi Şarap İşlikleri (Beyşehir-Seydişehir Civarı)”, Olive Oil and Wine Production in Anatolia during Antiquity (ed. Ü. Aydınoǧlu – A. Kaan Şenol), Symposium Proceedings 06-08 November 2008,
  5. Mersin, Turkey, 303-318, Istanbul. Baldoni 2003
  6. Baldoni, D., Vasi a matrice di età imperiale a Iasos, Missione archeologica Italiana di Iasos 3, Rome. Bes – Vanhecke 2015
  7. Bes, P. – L. Vanhecke, “Turning over a new leaf. Leaf impressions of styrax officinalis l. and vitis vinifera l. on late Roman Sagalassos amphora”, Herom 4/1, 107-166. Borchhardt 1990
  8. Borchhardt, J. Götter, Heroen, Herrscher in Lykien, Vienna. Bowersock 1990
  9. Bowersock, G. W., Hellenism in Late Antiquity, Ann Arbor. Bru – Demirer 2007
  10. Bru, H. – U. Demirer, “Dionysisme, culte imperial et vie civique à Antioche de Pisidie (Deuxième partie)”, Revue des études anciennes 109/1, 27-50. Buckton 1994
  11. Buckton, D., Byzantium: Treasures of Byzantine Art and Culture from British Collections, London. Busine 2015
  12. Busine, A., “Introduction: Religious practices and Christianization of the Late Antique city”, Religious Practices and Christianization of the Late Antique City 4th – 7th Cent. (ed. A. Busine), Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 182, 1-18, Leiden. Carruthers 1998
  13. Carruthers, M. The Craft of Thought: Meditation, Rhetoric and the Making of Images, 400-1200, Cambridge. Cahn 1992
  14. Cahn, H. A., “Kestros”, In Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae Vol. VI.1, 39, Zurich-Munich. Cole 2007
  15. Cole, S. G., “Finding Dionysos”, A Companion to Greek Religion (ed. D. Ogden), 327-341, Chichester. Daszewski 1985
  16. Daszewski, W. A., Dionysos der Erlöser: Griechische Mythen im spätantiken Zypern, Mainz. De Cupere et al. 2017
  17. De Cupere, B. et al., “Subsistence economy and land use strategies in the Burdur province (SW Anatolia) from prehistory to the Byzantine period”, Quaternary International 436, 4-17. Degryse – Poblome 2008
  18. Degryse, P. – J. Poblome, “Clays for mass production of table and common wares, amphorae and architectural ceramics at Sagalassos”, In Sagalassos VI. Geo- and Bioarchaeology at Sagalassos and in its Territory (ed. P. Degryse – M. Waelkens), 231-254, Leu