Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2022 / Cilt: 56 - Sayı: 1

Legionella Species Isolated in the Water Systems of Ships and Their Molecular Characterization

Gemilerin Su Sistemlerinden İzole Edilen Legionella Türleri ve Moleküler Karakterizasyonu

Pages
11–24
Publication Date
2022-10-17
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

One of them was serologically serogrouped as L.bozemanii, and it was found to be 99% similar to Legionella rubrilucens when compared with NCBI Legionella sequence data in the BLAST program.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Legionella species are generally found in nature and in water resources, and they are gram negative bacilli that can cause pneumonia by being transmitted from water systems to humans via aerosol or aspiration.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 158 cold water samples were taken from 18 ferry and/or cargo ships docking in Mersin International Port between December 2014 and June 2015.
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Conclusion & Impact:One of them was serologically serogrouped as L.bozemanii, and it was found to be 99% similar to Legionella rubrilucens when compared with NCBI Legionella sequence data in the BLAST program.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2014 · 158 samples
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Legionella species are generally found in nature and in water resources, and they are gram negative bacilli that can cause pneumonia by being transmitted from water systems to humans via aerosol or aspiration. Legionnaires’ disease caused by this agent continues to be a public health problem in cruise ships. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of the colonization of Legionella species by culture method and to determine the molecular characterization of the isolated Legionella in water samples taken from the water systems of the ships docking in Mersin International Port. A total of 158 cold water samples were taken from 18 ferry and/or cargo ships docking in Mersin International Port between December 2014 and June 2015. Fifty-four of the samples were obtained from tanks, 68 from taps and 36 from shower heads. All samples were centrifuged and inoculated from the pellet onto “Buffered Coal Yeast Extract” (BCYE) (Oxoid, CM0655, UK) agar medium supplemented with iron pyrophosphate, L-cysteine and α-ketoglutarate (Oxoid, SR0110, UK). The culture plates were incubated for 10-15 days in microaerophilic environment in a desiccator at 37°C. The suspicious colonies grown in cultures were serogrouped by latex agglutination test (Oxoid, DR0800M, UK) and fluorescent antibody method (m-Tech Monoclonal Technologies, Inc., USA). For the molecular analysis of Legionella species grown in culture, DNA isolation was made from Legionella colonies and then polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed using specific primer sequences targeting the rpoB gene region of the Legionella genome. Direct DNA sequencing of rpoB gene products was performed in the “ABI PRISM 3130XL Genetic Analyzer” (Applied Biosystems, USA). The DNA sequences were typed by BLAST analysis and the determined types, and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) reference Legionella sequences were phylogenetically compared with the Neighbor-Joining comparison method by using the Mega 7 program. Legionella spp. was isolated in 18 (11.4%) of 158 samples. Of these, four (7.4%, 4/54) were detected from the tank, 11 (16.2%, 11/68) from the tap and three (8.33%, 3/36) from the shower head. After the latex agglutination test performed from the growing bacterial colonies, five (27.8%) were serogrouped as Legionella spp., four (22.2%) as Legionella pneumophila sg 5, two (11.1%, each) as L.pneumophila sg 1,L.pneumophila sg 8 and Legionella bozemanii and one (5.6%) as L.pneumophila sg 3. Two (11.1%) of the isolates grown in culture could not be serogrouped. Molecular characterization of 12 Legionella isolates could be performed. One of them was serologically serogrouped as L.bozemanii, and it was found to be 99% similar to Legionella rubrilucens when compared with NCBI Legionella sequence data in the BLAST program. One isolate that could not be differentiated by serogrouping was identified as Legionella erytra in the BLAST program after DNA sequence analysis. The remaining 10 isolates (55.6%, n= 18) were confirmed as L.pneumophilia after the comparison with reference NCBI sequences. In this study, it was determined that 11.4% of the water samples collected from the water systems of the ships docking in Mersin International Port were contaminated with Legionella species. The detected Legionella species have an important potential source of infection for the captain, ship workers and passengerstravelling on the ships. In this respect, this study reveals the necessity of establishing studies to improve the risk management of Legionella in the water systems of ships.

Özet

Legionella türleri genelde doğada ve su kaynaklarında bulunmakta olup, su sistemlerinden insana aerosol veya aspirasyon yoluyla bulaşarak pnömoniye neden olan gram negatif basillerdir. Etkenin ne- den olduğu Lejyoner hastalığı yolcu gemilerinde halen halk sağlığı problemi olmaya devam etmektedir. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada, Mersin Uluslararası Limanı’na yanaşan gemilerin su sistemlerinden alınan su örneklerinde kültür yöntemiyle Legionella türlerinin kolonizasyonunun yaygınlığının ve izole edilen Legi- onella’ların moleküler karakterizasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Aralık 2014-Haziran 2015 tarihleri arasında Mersin Uluslararası Limanı’na yanaşan 18 feribot ve/veya yük gemisinden toplam 158 soğuk su örneği alınmıştır. Örneklerin 54’ü depo, 68’i musluk ve 36’sı duş başlıklarından elde edil- miştir. Alınan tüm örnekler santrifüj edilmiş ve çökeltiden demir pirofosfat, L-sistein ve α-ketoglutarat içeren “supplement” (Oxoid, SR0110, İngiltere) eklenmiş “Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE)” (Oxo- id, CM0655, İngiltere) agar besiyerine ekimi yapılmıştır. Besiyerleri 37°C’de desikatörde mikroaerofilik ortamda 10-15 gün inkübe edilmiştir. Kültürlerde üreyen şüpheli kolonilerin lateks aglütinasyon testi (Oxoid, DR0800M, İngiltere) ve direkt floresan antikor yöntemiyle (m-Tech Monoclonal Technologies, Inc., ABD) serogruplandırılması yapılmıştır. Kültürde üreyen Legionella türlerinin moleküler analizi için Le- gionella kolonilerinden DNA izolasyonu yapılmış ve sonrasında Legionella genomunun rpoB gen bölgesini hedefleyen özgül primer dizileri kullanılarak polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu amplifikasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş- tir. Daha sonra rpoB gen ürünlerinin direkt DNA dizi analizi ABI PRISM 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems, ABD) cihazında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen DNA dizilerinin BLAST analiziyle tiplendirilmesi yapılmış ve belirlenen tipler ile National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) referans Legionella dizileri Mega 7 programında “Neighbor-Joining” karşılaştırma yöntemiyle filogenetik olarak karşılaştı- rılmıştır. Toplam 158 örneğin 18 (%11.4)’inde Legionella spp. izole edilmiştir. Bunlardan dördü (%7.4, 4/54) depo, 11 (%16.2, 11/68)’i musluk ve üçü (%8.33, 3/36) duş başlığından tespit edilmiştir. Üreyen bakteri kolonilerinden yapılan lateks aglütinasyon testiyle izolatların beşi (%27.8) Legionella spp., dör- dü (%22.2) Legionella pneumophila sg 5, ikisi (%11.1) L.pneumophila sg 1, ikisi (%11.1) L.pneumophila sg 8, ikisi (%11.1) Legionella bozemanii ve biri (%5.6) L.pneumophila sg 3 olarak serogruplandırılmıştır. Kültürde üreyen izolatlardan ikisi (%11.1) ise serogruplandırılamamıştır. Toplam 12 Legionella izolatının moleküler karakterizasyonu yapılabilmiştir. Bunlardan biri serolojik olarak L.bozemanii olarak serogruplan- dırılmış olup, BLAST programında NCBI Legionella dizi verileriyle karşılaştırıldığında Legionella rubrilucens ile %99 benzerlik gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Serogruplandırma ile ayrımı yapılamayan bir izolat ise DNA dizi analizi sonrası BLAST programında Legionella erytra olarak tanımlanmıştır. Kalan 10 izolat (%55.6, n= 18) ise referans NCBI dizileri ile karşılaştırılma sonrası L.pneumophilia olarak doğrulanmıştır. Çalışmamızda Mersin Uluslararası Limanı’na yanaşan gemilerin su sistemlerinden toplanan su örneklerinin %11.4’ünün Legionella türü ile kontamine olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tespit edilen Legionella türleri, gemilerde seyahat eden kaptan, gemi çalışanları ve yolcular için önemli enfeksiyon kaynağı olma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu doğrultuda, yaptığımız bu çalışma gemilerin su sistemlerinde Legionella risk yönetiminin iyileştirilmesine yönelik çalışmaların oluşturulması gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır

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Cite This Article

DELİALİOĞLU, N., ÖTGÜN, S. N., ÜLGER, S. T., ASLAN, G., ÜLGER, M., BEKÇİ, A. (2022). Legionella Species Isolated in the Water Systems of Ships and Their Molecular Characterization. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 56 - Sayı: 1, 11–24. https://ajindex.com/articles/580448

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